The Constitution Flashcards

1
Q

Human Rights Act (1998)

A
  • Sets out fundamental rights that everyone across the UK has access to
  • Incorporates the rights set out in ECHR into domestic law
  • Can now seek justice in a British Court for rights violations
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2
Q

Freedom of Information Act (2000)

A
  • Allows members of the public to request any information from any public body which has to be met unless confidential
  • Can be an administrative fee
  • Used in MP expenses scandal (2009)
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3
Q

Judicial Reform (2005 & 2009)

A
  • Established a Supreme Court in a separate building
  • Removed law lords from HoL
  • Created an independent commission for appointments
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4
Q

House of Lords Reform (1999)

A
  • Removed all but 92 hereditary peers
  • reduced membership from 1,330 to 669
  • Second stage never enacted
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5
Q

Scottish Devolution (1998)

A
  • Devolved powers such as agriculture, education, housing and health
  • A result of growing nationalist sentiment in Scotland
  • call for further devolution
  • Indy Ref in 2014
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6
Q

Scottish Devolution (2016)

A
  • Following the Indy Ref (2014) - very close result (45% - 55%)
  • Further powers were devolved including income tax powers and extensive welfare powers
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7
Q

English Devolution

A
  • Metropolitan mayors
  • little desire for devolution (78% of public voted against a North East Devolution Referendum)
  • Housing and transport transferred to local councils
  • EVEL - Devolved bodies shouldn’t get to vote on strictly English laws
  • Support for an English Parliament only 16-19%
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8
Q

Welsh Devolution

A
  • Narrowly devolution was passed with 50.3% of the vote (with a 50.2% turnout)
  • Power over education, Welsh language board and Environmental agency
  • 2014 gave borrowing and taxation powers
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9
Q

What % of English population does devolution cover?

A

41%

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10
Q

Example of regional policy from devolution

A

Cornwall offshore windfarm done by the Cornwall County Council

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11
Q

What % of Cornish people wanted devolution

A

60%

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12
Q

Example of representation from English devolution

A

In 2021, Oxfordshire had a Lib Dem, labour, green coalition - more views represented

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13
Q

Example of urban areas being represented

A

Urban areas which are more likely to vote labour can be represented on mayoral level (In London, 3 terms of Labour mayor under Conservative government) even if not represented in government

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14
Q

Example of approval of devolution

A

Sadiq Khan won 56.9% vote in 2016 - biggest personal mandate of anyone in history

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15
Q

Example of desire for devolution

A

Mebyon Kernow (party for Cornwall) won 5 seats on Cornwall county council

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16
Q

Turnout to PCC elections in Humberside 2024

A

18%

17
Q

What % of people voted against north-east devolution

A

78%

18
Q

Manchester mayor’s budget per year

A

£6 billion - for health and social care

19
Q

When was EVEL abolished

A

2021

20
Q

How many Conservatives MPs rebelled against HoL reform in the coalition

A

91

21
Q

What % of Scottish people said they would’ve voted for ‘devomax’ if it had been an option in the Scottish Referendum?

A

32%
Compared to 31% for leave and 25% no change