Polymers

Question 1

Describe what is meant by an addition polymer

Answer 1

In addition polymers, the monomers are alkenes.

In addition polymerisation reactions, many small molecules
(monomers) join together to form very large molecules (polymers)

A large molecule made from alkene monomers which bond together by opening up their double bonds and forming long chains

Question 2

what is an addition reaction

Answer 2

reactions where the double bond in an alkene opens up to leave a single bond and a new atom is added to each carbon

Question 3

What type of molecules are used to make polymers by addition polymerisation

Answer 3

Alkenes can be used to make polymers such as poly(ethene) and poly(propene) by addition polymerisation.

Question 4

difference between alkenes and addition polymers in terms of structure

Answer 4

The monomer has a double carbon to carbon bond but the polymer has single carbon to carbon bonds

Question 5

what is a polymer

Answer 5

A polymer is made by joining together thousands of small identical molecules

A long chain molecule that is formed by joining lots of smaller molecules (monomers) together

Question 6

What is a monomer

Answer 6

a small molecule that can be joined together with other small molecules to form a polymer

these identical molecules are called monomers

Question 7

The _______ molecules have joined together to form the _________

Answer 7

The monomer molecules have joined together to form the polymer

Question 8

What is a repeating unit

Question 9

Draw diagrams to represent the formation of an addition polymer

Question 10

Two different types of polymers

Answer 10

Addition polymers
Condensation polymers

Question 11

poly meaning

Answer 11

poly means many

Question 12

draw the polymer poly(ethene)

Answer 12

https://images.ukessays.com/180520/2/0636388.007.jpg

Question 13

draw the repeating unit of poly(ethene)

Answer 13

https://www.tutormyself.com/wp-content/uploads/polyethene-repeat-unit-233x300.png

Question 14

draw the structure of the monomer ethene

Answer 14

https://bam.files.bbci.co.uk/bam/live/content/z8vmv9q/medium

Question 15

formula of poly(ethene) draw the structure

Answer 15

https://bam.files.bbci.co.uk/bam/live/content/zqrhrwx/medium

Question 16

https://bam.files.bbci.co.uk/bam/live/content/zqrhrwx/medium

what does the n represent

Answer 16

The n represents a large number
This tells us that the polymer consists of a large number of repeating units

Question 17

Features of addition polymers

Answer 17

In addition polymers, the repeating unit has the same atoms as the monomer.
This is because, no other molecule is formed in the reaction
when we make an addition polymer All of the atoms in the monomer end up in the polymer

The repeating unit does not contain a double bond

The monomers that make up addition polymers have a double covalent bond

Question 18

reaction of conversion of ethene to poly(ethene)

show an equation for the polymerisation of poly(ethene).

Answer 18

https://bam.files.bbci.co.uk/bam/live/content/zqrhrwx/medium

Question 19

In addition polymers explain why the repeating unit has the same atoms as the monomer.

Answer 19

In addition polymers, the repeating unit has the same atoms as the monomer.
This is because, no other molecule is formed in the reaction

Question 20

draw poly(propene)

Answer 20

https://bam.files.bbci.co.uk/bam/live/content/z9vmv9q/small

https://bam.files.bbci.co.uk/bam/live/content/ztjbjty/small

Question 21

The diagram shows the structure of propene. Deduce the structure of poly(propene), and use this to show an equation for the polymerisation of propene.

Answer 21

https://bam.files.bbci.co.uk/bam/live/content/ztjbjty/small

Question 22

describe what happens during an addition reaction

Answer 22

during an addition reaction, lots of unsaturated monomer molecules (alkenes) open up their double bons and join together to form polymer chains
This is called addition polymerisation

Question 23

Describe what is meant by a condensation polymer

Question 24

Draw the repeating unit for a condensation polymer

Question 25

Describe what happens during condensation polymerisation

Answer 25

In condensation polymers, the monomers are not alkenes
When these monomers react, we lose small molecules such as water

Question 26

how condensation polymers are formed

Answer 26

With condensation polymers, we start with two different monomers
Each monomer has two of the same functional groups
reacting a carboxylic acid with an alcohol produces an ester + water
To form the condensation polymer, we react our two monomers together
These react to form an ester and water
We can continue to add monomers to either end and this allows us to produce a long polymer

Question 27

ethane diol HO - CH2 - CH2 - OH
hexanedioic acid HOOC - CH2 - CH2 - CH2 - CH2 - COOH
what do these monomers have in common

Answer 27

Each monomer has two of the same functional groups
Ethane diol has two alcohol groups
hexanedioic acid has two carboxylic acid groups

HO - BOX - OH
HOOC - BOX - COOH

Question 28

condensation polymerisation of
HO-BOX-OH and HOOC - BOX - COOH

DRAW STRUCTURAL AND DISPLAYED FORMULA
LABEL ESTER LINK

Answer 28

First react them together
alcohol loses H
carboxylic acid looses OH

HO - BOX - OOC - BOX - COO - BOX - OOC- BOX - OH

H2O IS PRODUCED

https://cdn.savemyexams.com/cdn-cgi/image/w=1280,f=auto/uploads/2020/01/Forming-Terylene.png

ESTER LINK

Question 29

HO - BOX - OOC - BOX - COO - BOX - OOC- BOX - OH
what is this type of polymer called

Answer 29

This type of polymer is called a polyester

Question 30

draw repeating unit
HO - BOX - OOC - BOX - COO - BOX - OOC- BOX - OH

Answer 30

• BOX - OOC - BOX - COO -

Question 31

draw formula for polyester
HO - BOX - OOC - BOX - COO - BOX - OOC- BOX - OH

Answer 31

-(- BOX - OOC - BOX - COO -)-n

Question 32

draw the structure of this following polymerisation

1000 HO-BOX-OH + 1000HOOC-BOX-COOH

Answer 32

-(-BOX - OOC - BOX - COO -)100