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NYCC Neuro 2 > Dementias, Tumors, & Diseases > Flashcards

Dementias, Tumors, & Diseases Flashcards

1
Q

multiple sclerosis is a disease of ____

A

CNS demyelination

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2
Q

amyotropic lateral sclerosis is a disease of ____

A

motor neurons (UMN/LMN)

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3
Q

guillain barre is a disease of ____

A

PNS demyelination

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4
Q

myasthenia gravis is a disease of the ____

A

neuromuscular junction

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5
Q

parkinsons, huntington’s, and wilson’s diseases are diseases of the ____

A

basal ganglia

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6
Q

lung cancer, breast cancer, and melanoma are examples of ____ tumors

A

metatastic
(most likely to affect brain)

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7
Q

how are brain tumors removed?

A
  • one lesion: excision
  • multiple/non-surgical lesions: radiation
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8
Q

name the 6 primary brain tumours

A
  • glioma
  • meningioma
  • pituitary adenoma
  • schwannoma
  • lymphoma
  • pineal tumors
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9
Q

name 3 types of glioma

A
  • astrocytoma I, II, III, IV (glioblastoma multiforme)
  • oligodendroglioma
  • ependymoma
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10
Q

name 3 types of pediatric tumors

A
  • cerebellar astrocytoma I
  • medulloblastoma
  • ependymoma
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11
Q

meningioma arise from ____

A

arachnoid villi

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12
Q

meningioma cause ____ and are usually ____

A

headaches
benign (sometime become non-resectable)

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13
Q

pituitary adenoma

A
  • secrete: prolactin, GH, ACTH, TSH, FSH, or non-functioning
  • may compress chiasm
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14
Q

schwannoma is also called ____

A

acoustic neuroma (vestibular n)

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15
Q

pineal tumors may compress the ____ and cause ____

A
  • aqueduct -> hydrocephalus
    OR parinaud’s syndrome
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16
Q

name 2 nervous system infections

A

meningitis
creutzfeldt-jacob disease

17
Q

what are the most common types of meningitis?

A

bacterial
viral
fungal
parasitic

18
Q

symptoms of CSF infection (meningitis)

A
  • headache
  • lethargy
  • photophobia
  • fever
  • nuchal rigidity
19
Q

what is creutzfeldt-jacob disease?

A

prion-related spongiform appearance of the brain

20
Q

symptoms of creutzfeldt-jacob disease

A
  • progressive dementia
  • exaggerated startle response
  • myoclonus
  • hallucinations
  • ataxia
21
Q

what is Alzheimer’s disease?

A

(type of dementia) cerebral atrophy with beta amyloid plaques & microtubule related tau neurofibrillary tangles

22
Q

tau tangles are prominent in…

A

cholinergic nuclei:
- basalis of Meynart
- septal area
- nucleus of diagonal band of Broca
noradrenergic:
- locus caeruleus
serotoninergic:
- raphe nucleus

23
Q

what are the substantia innominata?

A

cholinergic nuclei located deep to anterior perforated substance:
- basalis of Meynart
- septal area
- nucleus of diagonal band of Broca

24
Q

symptoms of Alzheimer’s disease

A
  • short-term memory & progressively long-term memory loss
  • anomic aphasia (loss of names for common things)
  • apraxia
  • behavioural issues
25
Q

symptoms of dementia with lewy bodies?

A
  • lewy bodies in substantia nigra
  • fluctuating dementia
  • parkinsonism
  • visual hallucinations
  • REM sleep disorders (acting out dreams)
  • disruptions of ANS
  • usually coexists with Alzheimer’s
26
Q

symptoms of frontotemporal lobar degeneration (pick disease)

A
  • behavioural variant frontotemporal dementia
  • progressive non-fluent aphasia
  • semantic aphasia
  • progressive supranuclear palsy
27
Q

what is behavioural variant frontotemporal dementia

A

changes in personality & cognition with initially intact memory

28
Q

what is progressive non-fluent aphasia?

A

difficulty using words and eventually loss of ability to communicate

29
Q

what is semantic aphasia?

A

inability to understand language

30
Q

what is progressive supranuclear palsy?

A
  • motor & balance symptoms
  • parkinsonism
  • inability to look down
31
Q

vascular dementia is also known as…

A
  • multi-infarct dementia
  • binswagner disease
  • small vessel disease
32
Q

what causes vascular dementia?

A
  • brain ischemia & hypoperfusion
  • hypertension & diabetes increase risk of vascular damage
33
Q

parkinson’s disease with dementia

A

cognitive decline occurs years after onset of motor symptoms, unlike lewy body dementia

34
Q

wernicke-korsakoff encephalopathy

A

thiamine deficiency characterized by wernicke’s encephalopathy and korsakoff’s amnesia

35
Q

dementia pugilistica

A

variant of chronic traumatic encephalopathy resulting from repeated head injury

36
Q

what is normal pressure hydrocephalus?

A

expansion of chambers in the brain although pressure remains normal, resulting in dementia symptoms in adults

NYCC Neuro 2 (28 decks)

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