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Pharm unit 3 > Diuretics > Flashcards

Diuretics Flashcards

1
Q

Diuretics MOA

A

accelerate the rate of urine formation

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2
Q

types of Diuretics

A

Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors (CAIs)
Loop diuretics
Osmotics
Potassium-sparing diuretics
Thiazide and thiazide-like diuretics

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3
Q

CAI Indications

A
  • long term management of OA glaucoma
  • lower intraocular pressure befor eye surgery (when used with miotics)

also useful for
- edema (brain)
- high altitude sickness (high pressure in brain)

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4
Q

CAI contraindications

A
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5
Q

Acetazolamide drug class

A

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitor
(Diuretic)

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6
Q

Furosemide (Lasix) drug class

A

Loop diuretic

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7
Q

Torsemide drug class

A

Loop diuretic

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8
Q

Bumetanide drug class

A

Loop diuretic

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9
Q

Mannitol drug class

A

Osmotic diuretic

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10
Q

Spironolactone drug class

A

Potassium sparing diuretic

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11
Q

Chlorothiazide drug class

A

Thiazide/Thiazide like diuretic

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12
Q

Hydrochlororthiazide (HCTZ) drug class

A

Thiazide/Thiazde like diuretic

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13
Q

CAIs MOA

A
  • Inhibit carbonic anhydrase which allows the exchange of H+ ions with sodium and water
  • Less water is absorbed
  • Urine volume increased
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14
Q

Osmotic diuretics MOA

A
  • Increase pressure
  • water enters tubules from tissue
  • minimal effect on Na
  • vasodilation
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15
Q

K sparing diuretics MOA (two kinds)

A
  • inhibit Na/K channel pump that pulls K into the nephron
  • more K stays in the blood
  • more Na is excreted
  • more water is excreted
    OR
  • inhibit aldosterone that triggers Na/K exchange
  • more K stays in the blood
  • more Na is excreted
  • more water is excreted
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16
Q

Thiazide MOA

A
  • Inhibit reabsorption of Na and Cl
  • manage hypertension
17
Q

Loop diuretics MOA

A
  • cause Na, Cl, water, and K excretions
  • decreases preload
18
Q

Loop diuretics indications

A
  • Edema d/t HF, cirrhosis
  • Hypertension
  • To excrete Ca
19
Q

Loop diuretics contraindications

A
  • Hepatic coma
  • Electrolyte imbalance
20
Q

Loop Diuretics AE

A

hypokalemia
hyperglycemia
SJS
neutropenia (and other deficiencies of the blood)
hyperuricemia

21
Q

Loop diuretics toxicity

A
  • electrolyte loss/dehydration leading to CV collapse
  • Neuro/nephrotoxic risk
  • Increase blood uric acid and glucose levels
22
Q

Loop diuretics interactions

A
  • Thiazide (metolazone): causing nephron blockage
  • NSAIDS: reduce loop’s ability to decrease vascular resistance
23
Q

Loop diuretics Nursing Implications

A
  • caution with elderly
  • monitor for skin rx
  • BP, ortho hypotn
  • Hypokalemia
    Erythema multiforme
24
Q

S/S of hypokalemia

A

Anorexia
Nausea
Lethargy
Muscle weakness
Confusion
Hypotension

25
Q

Erythema multiforme

A
  • hypersensitivity rx
  • triggered by infx (herpes)
  • target lesion
  • sometimes affects mucous membrane
  • acute
26
Q

Osmotic diuretics indications

A
  • prevent kidney damage during acute KF
  • high ICP and cerebral edema
  • closed angle glaucoma
27
Q

Loop diuretics AE

A

convulsions
thromboplebitis
pulmonary congestion

28
Q

Mannitol Indications

A

swelling (eye and brain)
kidney failure

29
Q

Mannitol Nursing Implications

A

can crystallize (discard)
filter in IV line

30
Q

Potassium Sparing Diuretics Nursing Implications

A

monitor for K level >5.1
interacts with lithium, K supplements,

31
Q

Thiazides and Thiazide-like contraindications

A

creatine clearance <30-50mL/min

32
Q

Hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) Nursing implications

A

monitor BUN, creatine, K, glucose, dehydration and electrolytes
do a thorough history and physical

33
Q

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitor (CAI) Nursing implications

A

monitor for digoxin toxicity if using together
monitor electrolyte levels

34
Q

Normal serum potassium range

A

3.5-5.0mEq/L

Pharm unit 3 (13 decks)

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