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Mental Health > Exam #1 > Flashcards

Exam #1 Flashcards

1
Q

what is general adaptation syndrome?

A

the physiological changes the body undergoes in response to stress

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2
Q

what are the three stages of adaptation syndrome?

A

alarm reaction, resistance, and exhuastion

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3
Q

what occurs in the alarm reaction?

A

this is when the fight or flight is activated

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4
Q

what occurs physiologically during fight or flight?

A

brain signals adrenal glands, pupils dilate, heart rate increases, respiration rete increases, muscles become tense, digestion is slowed, glucose becomes available, bladder relaxes, and shaky hands

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5
Q

what happens during the resistance stage?

A

the body tries to defend itself against the stressor

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6
Q

what happens if adaptation occurs in the resistance stage?

A

the body relaxes

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7
Q

what happens during the exhaustion phase?

A

the person breaks down and gives up

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8
Q

what happens if the person fails to adapt in the resistance phase?

A

the person moves to the exhaustion phase

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9
Q

what are some complications of being in the exhaustion stage?

A

CAD, stomach ulcers, and UC

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10
Q

what does a patient do that is experiencing mild anxiety?

A

they are crying, cursing, nail bitting, drinking, eating, fidgeting, and are displaying defense mechanisms

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11
Q

what does a patient do that is experiencing moderate anxiety?

A

defense mechanisms, fight or flight is activated, if not relieved it will cause CAD, elevated cortisol, tachycardia, and hyperglycemia in diabetics

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12
Q

what does a patient do that is experiencing severe anxiety?

A

neurosis, phyisc and emotional symptoms worsen, if not relieved it will cause CAD, elevated cortisol, tachycardia, and hyperglycemia in diabetics, perception is impaired

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13
Q

what does impaired perception mean in relation to severe anxiety?

A

cant concentrate, limited attention, and must be given one small task at a time

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14
Q

what is neurosis?

A

psychiatric disturbance caused by excessive anxiety…..common disorders that cause?????….panic, phobia, somatic, dissociative

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15
Q

what does a patient do that is experiencing severe anxiety?

A

cant focus on anything, overwhelmed with terror, disorganized thought, exhausted, elevated fight or flight, hallucinations, delusions, feelings of insanity

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16
Q

what do you asses in a patient experiencing severe anxiety?

A

AAO, hygiene, and??

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17
Q

what is the defense mechanism rationalization mean?

A

attempt to make excuses for justifying bad behavior

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18
Q

what is an example of the defense mechanism rationalization?

A

I drink every day to cope with my job

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19
Q

what is the defense mechanism denial mean?

A

refusing to acknowledge the problem

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20
Q

what is an example of the defense mechanism denial?

A

I drink every day but im not addicted

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21
Q

what is the defense mechanism repression mean?

A

involuntary blocking of traumatic events

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22
Q

what is an example of the defense mechanism repression?

A

forgetting that my family was murdered

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23
Q

what is the defense mechanism suppression mean?

A

voluntarily blocking unpleasant experience

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24
Q

what is an example of the defense mechanism suppression?

A

I dont want to think about Camp Taco yesterday

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25
Q

what is the defense mechanism isolation mean?

A

separating thought or memory from the feeling or emotion associated with it

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26
Q

what is an example of the defense mechanism isolation?

A

the woman states that she was raped but says it with no emotion

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27
Q

what is Maslow hierarchy of needs?

A

a pyramid that shows what people need in order to reach self-actualization/be the best version of themselves

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28
Q

what are the parts of the Maslow’s hierarchy of needs?

A

physiological needs, safety needs, love/belonging, esteem, and self actualization

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29
Q

what does physiological needs mean on Maslow’s hierarchy of needs?

A

air, water, food, reproduction

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30
Q

what does safety needs mean on Maslow’s hierarchy of needs?

A

personal security, employment, resources health

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31
Q

what does love/belonging needs mean on Maslow’s hierarchy of needs?

A

friendship, intimacy, sense of connection

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32
Q

what does esteem needs mean on Maslow’s hierarchy of needs?

A

respect, self esteem, status, recognition

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33
Q

what does self-actualization mean on Maslow’s hierarchy of needs?

A

desire to become the best one can be

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34
Q

what happens to the immune system from prolonged fight or flight?

A

risk of infection

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35
Q

what is an immediate response to anxiety?

A

fight or flight

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36
Q

what is a sustained response to anxiety?

A

body respods, tachycardia, respiration rate increase

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37
Q

what are the stages of grief?

A

denial, anger, bargaining, depression, and acceptance

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38
Q

what does denial in relation to grief mean?

A

not believing what is being said is true

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39
Q

what does anger in relation to grief mean?

A

a response to grief when the person cant do anything to help or feels like the person does not deserve it

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40
Q

what does bargaining in relation to grief mean?

A

asking to have more time or to make it to a certain point

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41
Q

what is depression in relation to grief mean?

A

being overwhelmed by sadness

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42
Q

what does acceptance in relation to grief mean?

A

understanding what is going to happen will happen

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43
Q

what are some examples of adaptive grief?

A

sadness, anger, guilt, helplessness, hopelessness, and despair

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44
Q

what does autonomy mean for a patient?

A

able to make decision for themselves

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45
Q

what does beneficence mean?

A

doing things for good and not wanting something in return

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46
Q

what does nonmaleficence mean?

A

to not harm the patient

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47
Q

what does justice mean?

A

the right of the individual to be treated fairly

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48
Q

what does veracity mean?

A

telling them the truth

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49
Q

what does advocacy mean?

A

standing up for the patient

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50
Q

at what point can a patient not refuse medications?

A

if their is a court order placed

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51
Q

who decides if a patient has to take medications?

A

the fed and state

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52
Q

client has the right to refuse medications unless??? page 45

A

harm to self or others…. court order..not competent…reasonable chance to help the client

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53
Q

what does duty to warn mean?

A

nurses have the obligation to report threats made towards someone

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54
Q

what does mandated reporter mean?

A

nurses are required to report any suspicion of abuse

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55
Q

what happens in relation to consent when someone is deemed incompetent

A

next of kin will sign

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56
Q

when should restraints and seclusion never be used?

A

as punishment or as a way to control

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57
Q

in an emergency, how quickly must you get an order for restraints?

A

within 15-30 minutes

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58
Q

how long does an order last for restraints?

A

4 hours

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59
Q

how often do you lay eyes on your patient in restraints?

A

every 15-30 minutes

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60
Q

what is a voluntary admission?

A

when a patient admits themselves into the unit

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61
Q

how long can voluntary patients stay at the hospital?

A

as long as they need to

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62
Q

can voluntary patients leave when they want to?

A

yes

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63
Q

at what point can voluntary patients not leave?

A

if the physician and court system says they are not ready to go

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64
Q

what criteria must be met for a physician to hold a patient?

A

the patient must be harmful to themselves or others

65
Q

what is an involuntary hold?

A

when the patient is forced to come because they are a harm to themselves or others or they cant take care of their personal needs

66
Q

how long do involuntary holds last?

A

72 hours

67
Q

what happens after the 72-hour hold?

A

the patient is D/c, voluntarily admitted, involuntarily admitted

68
Q

how long does the court have to decide on what to do after an involuntary admission?

A

7-21 days

69
Q

what does grave disabled / mentally ill mean?

A

??

70
Q

what is malpractice?

A

an that does not meet the standard of care put forth by the professional organization

71
Q

what does negligence mean?

A

failure to exercise the care towards others that reasonable people would or would not do

72
Q

what is battery?

A

treatment done against the will of the patient….actually touching them

73
Q

what is assault?

A

act that results in fear that he or she will be touched

74
Q

what is a crisis?

A

an acute event where coping mechanisms do not work

75
Q

what happens during phase 1 of crisis development?

A

exposure to stressors which starts anxiety

76
Q

what happens during phase 2 of crisis development?

A

previous problem-solving does not work…anxiety increases…confusion, disorganization, and helplessness

77
Q

what happens during phase 3 of crisis development?

A

all possible resources are called upon to relieve discomfort…fight, flight, freeze started…a new coping mechanism may develop

78
Q

what happens during phase 4 of crisis development?

A

panic occurs…breaking point is reached…anxiety is unmanageable…major disorganization…emotions running wild… psychotic-like behavior..psychosis

79
Q

how do you speak to someone in phase 4 of a crisis?

A
80
Q

what is a dispositional crisis?

A

acute response to an external situation

81
Q

what is an example of a dispositional crisis?

A

dads employer is being mean to him….wife buys child clothes that are too expensive and the dad beats the child

82
Q

what anticipated life transition?

A

normal life cycle transitions

83
Q

what is an example of an anticipated life transition

A

parents are sad that they are sending their child to college

84
Q

what is crises resulting from traumatic stress?

A

unexpected stressor

85
Q

what is an example of a crisis resulting from traumatic stress?

A

a person is abducted and raped….the person now has dreams and doesn’t feel safe alone

86
Q

what is a maturational and developmental crisis?

A

occurs at failed attempts to master tasks associated with ageing

87
Q

what is an example of maturational and developmental crisis?

A

a lady has a child but her mother was just diagnosed with cancer and now the mother can no long take care of the child because she is with her mother

88
Q

what is crisis reflecting psychopathology?

A

the crisis triggered by bipolar, schizo, depression etc

89
Q

what is a crisis from a psychiatric emergency?

A

general function is impaired and is incompetent due to suicide, OD, alcohol, LSD, shrooms, acut psychosis, and uncontrollable anger

90
Q

what does assess mean in relation to crisis intervention?

A

gather information about what happened…..get a description of the event…have they been in this scenario before….suicide risk

91
Q

what does plan mean in relation to crisis intervention?

A

nurse selects appropriate response and goals are established

92
Q

what does intervention mean in relation to crisis intervention?

A

rapid relationship established..reorient the clien…remain with them….active listening…clarify the problem

93
Q

what does evaluate and anticipatory planning mean in relation to crisis intervention?

A

evaluate and reassess outcomes….can they handle the situation in the future

94
Q

what is anger?

A

a secondary emotion that helps recognize true feelings

95
Q

what is aggression?

A

can be mild to severe….intent to hurt someone….intent is required for aggression

96
Q

what are key parts to a therapeutic relationship?

A

rapport, trust, respect, genuineness, and empathy

97
Q

what does rapport mean in relation to a therapeutic relationship?

A

acceptance…takes time to build…built with casual conversation

98
Q

what does trust mean in relation to a therapeutic relationship?

A

reliability and keeping your word

99
Q

what does respect mean in relation to a therapeutic relationship?

A

not judging them on their past

100
Q

what does genuine mean in relation to a therapeutic relationship?

A

open, honest, and real

101
Q

what does empathy mean in relation to a therapeutic relationship?

A

understanding that your client is feeling a certain way without showing emotion

102
Q

what is the difference between empathy and sympathy?

A

sadness or anger for them`

103
Q

what is included in pre interaction stage?

A

obtain chart information….examine your own feelings, fears and anxieties….personal history

104
Q

what is included in the orientation stage?

A

establish trust and rapport….gather assessment information… identify clients strengths and weaknesses…set goals…develop plan for goals…

105
Q

what is included in the working stage?

A

maintain trust and support….promote insight/perception of reality…problem solving…overcoming resistance behavior…..continue to evaluate progress….notice signs of transference/countertransference

106
Q

what is transference?

A

from client to care giver…..feeling or emotion based on preconceived notions that put you off

107
Q

what is countertransference?

A

caregiver to client

108
Q

what is included in the termination stage?

A

progress has been made…..establish plan for continuing care…feelings about termination are explored

109
Q

what is the therapeutic communication technique “using silence” mean?

A

giving them moments to think before responding

110
Q

what is the therapeutic communication technique “offering general leads” mean?

A

let the client go on about the topic and conversation

111
Q

what is an example of offering general leads?

A

Oh I see what your saying and then what

112
Q

what is the therapeutic communication technique “placing events in sequence” mean?

A

a talking technique where you let the patient tell you everything lead up to the point they are at now

113
Q

what is the therapeutic communication technique “making observations” mean?

A

help the client be aware of there emotions

114
Q

what is an example of making observations?

A

you look anxious

115
Q

what is the therapeutic communication technique “restating? mean?

A

confirming what the patient said by rewording their statement

116
Q

what is the therapeutic communication technique “reflecting” mean?

A

bouncing a question back at them when they ask you

117
Q

what is the therapeutic communication technique “focusing” mean?

A

specific discusion about a word they said they are feeling

118
Q

what is an example of focusing?

A

the patient states that they are anxious and you ask them to tell you more

119
Q

what is the therapeutic communication technique “exploring” mean?

A

asking more about

120
Q

what is the therapeutic communication technique “seeking clarification and validation” mean?

A

let them know that you understand or don’t understand their statements

121
Q

what are some non therapeutic forms of communication?

A

approving/disapproving…false reassurance…giving advice…probing…requesting explanations…. belittling…stereotype comments

122
Q

what are some characteristics of active listening?

A

sitting squarely…open posture…lean forward…eye contact..relaxed

123
Q

what are some health care disparities?

A

lack of insurance, access to healthcare, cultural bias, language barrier

124
Q

what are some predisposing factors that may lead to someone being a victimizer

A

neurophysical, biochemical, genetic, brain disorders, psychodynamic, low tolerance for frustration, learning theory, sociocultural

125
Q

what is intimate partner violence?

A

aka domestic violence….trying to control their spouse..can be emotional, sexual, physical, or spiritual

126
Q

what is assault?

A

the threat of doing harm to someone

127
Q

what is battery?

A

the act of actually touching/doing harm

128
Q

what are some characteristics of a victimizer?

A

low self-esteem, jealousy, dual personality, threatened by partner independence, degrading, humiliating, intimidation, ensuring the victim is dependent on them

129
Q

what are some characteristics of a victim?

A

low self esteem, nondiscriminatory, helplessness, guilt, anger, fear, shame, isolated from friends/family, looks at the relationship as male-dominant

130
Q

what happens during phase 1 of abuse

A

tension is building….victimizer becomes angry…lashing out…victimizer apologizes…victim is nurturing…the battery that occurs is minor ex pushing

131
Q

what happens during phase 2 of abuse?

A

acute battering incident…..most violent stage…..shortest…cant last for 24 hours….victimizer tries justify behavior and minimize severity….victim tries to find the safest place for themselves and children

132
Q

what happens between phase 1 and phase 2?

A

trigger event

133
Q

what happens during phase 3 of abuse?

A

honeymoon phase…victimizer becomes loving….promises that it wont happen again…victimizer becomes afraid the victim will leave….plays on the victim senses of guilt

134
Q

what are some reasons that someone who is being abused stays in the relationship?

A

fear of life or children’s life….fear of retaliation….fear of losing custody…financial dependence…lack of support….cutlural/religious….hope…lack of confidence

135
Q

what should a nurse do whe caring for a patient who has experienced intimate partner violence?

A

treat injuries first…take photos for documentation…provide privacy….encourage discussion…avoid rescue….provide resources…stress safety…..can report unless the patient wants you too

136
Q

what are some signs of physical abuse in children?

A

burns, bites, bruises, broken bones….unexplained absence from school…shrinks at adults…abuses animals…scared of parents…crying when leaving school…

137
Q

what is physical abuse in children?

A

nonaccidental injury to a child from a parent or caregiver

138
Q

what is emotional abuse in children?

A

impairment of social and intellectual function

139
Q

what are some examples of emotional abuse?

A

belittling, rejection, ignoring, blaming,

140
Q

what are some behaviors associated with emotional abuse?

A

inappropriately infantile, adult-like, delayed physical/emotional development, has attempted suicide

141
Q

what are some examples of neglect?

A

inadequate supervision, love, support, physical, or emotional abuse

142
Q

how might a child experiencing neglect act?

A

absence from school, begging for food, stealing food, doesn’t have medical/dental care, dirty, not dressed correctly, drug abuse, states no one is providing care

143
Q

what should you focus on when you suspect child abuse?

A

perform assessment, treat wounds, note injuries, make sure injuries align with parents’ story, act out incident, determine if the injuries

144
Q

signs of sexual abuse in children?

A

nightmares/bedwetting, change in appetite, advanced sexual knowledge, participating in sexual activity early, pregnancy/UTI before 14, runs away, reports, bleeing/trauma from genitalia, difficulty walking/sitting

145
Q

what are some symptoms of incest?

A

difficulty navigating affection, low self esteem, feeling trapped, avoiding/ participating in sex early, libido issues, pain during intercourse, ED, depression, anxiety, substance abuse, eating disorder, SI, unstable relationships

146
Q

what is acquaintance rape?

A

when the victim knows their victimizer

147
Q

what is marital rape?

A

when the victim is in a relationship with their victimizer

148
Q

what is statutory rape?

A

rape between someone who can consent with someone who cant

149
Q

what is expressed response pattern in relation to rape?

A

within a few hours and symptoms are fear, anxiety, crying, restless

150
Q

what is a controlled response in relation to rape?

A

within hours….masked feelings

151
Q

what is a silent reaction in relation to rape?

A

dont say anything about it

152
Q

what is compound rape response?

A

other issues arris from the rape

153
Q

what are some risk factors for child abuse?

A

young children, use of substances, stressful life situations, lack of coping, expecting child to be perfect, chronic child illness, ill-equipped parents

154
Q

what happens during the pre-interaction phase?

A

obtain information about the client and examine your own beliefs

155
Q

what happens during the orientation stage?

A

Establish trust and rapport

Gather assessment information

identify clients’ strengths and weakness

Set mutually agreeable goals

Develop a plan of action to meet goals

Explore the feelings of clients and nurses

156
Q

what happens during the working stage?

A

Maintain trust and rapport

Promote insight/perception of reality

Saying that they may see something and you don’t

Problem-solving

Overcoming resistance behaviors

Push back against therapy

Continue to evaluate progress

157
Q

what happens during the termination stage?

A

Progress has been made

Establish a plan for continuing care

Feelings about termination are explored

158
Q

add buproprion XXXXX

A

Mental Health (4 decks)

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