Chapter 8 - Imperial and Colonial Policy Flashcards

1
Q

How did India begin to modernise?

A

. Extension of railways

. Investment in education - raised literacy rates

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2
Q

Why did Indians accept British rule?

A

Believed British rule was the best road to the future

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3
Q

When was the partition of Bengal?

A

1905

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4
Q

What were the 2 sides of the partition?

A

. East - Muslim majority

. West - Hindu majority

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5
Q

Why did Curzon resign after the partition?

A

. Hindu elite annoyed - owned land in East Bengal

. Partition was unpopular

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6
Q

When was the Indian Muslim League created?

A

1906 by Muslim elites in East Bengal

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7
Q

When was Bengal united?

A

1911

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8
Q

When were the Morley-Minto reforms introduced?

A

1909

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9
Q

When was the Indian Councils Act made and what did it mean?

A

. 1909

. Enables 27 Indians to be elected from provincial constituencies

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10
Q

Where was the Indian capital moved to?

A

. From Calcutta to Delhi

. Done so by Viceroy Hardinge

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11
Q

What are capitulations?

A

Privileges by the Sultan which protected Europeans from Muslim laws against Christians

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12
Q

What is the Caisse de la Dette?

A

Controlled Egypt’s finances

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13
Q

How many Britons were in the Egyptian government by 1905?

A

Over 100

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14
Q

How much was Egypt in debt by?

A

. £70m

. Baring helped by cutting spending on Egypt’s military and bureaucracy

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15
Q

How did Egypt’s economy improve?

A

. Investments in irrigation schemes

. Improved conditions of the Egyptian labourers

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16
Q

What happened to Egypt’s exports?

A

. Sugar + cotton exports increased x3

. Population increased by 10m

17
Q

What was the Denshawai incident?

A

1906

. British officer shot and wounded the wife of Muslim prayer
leader

. Other soldiers killed a villager who they falsely accused of being an assassin due to the officer’s death in the intense heat

18
Q

What did Sir Eldon Gorst do in Egypt?

A

. Brought more Egyptians into government to weaken the Egyptian nationalist party

19
Q

What happened to the Khedive?

A

He was deposed + replaced by Hussein Kamel

20
Q

What alliances were formed in Europe?

A

. Germany + Austria-Hungary - later joined by Italy

. France + Russia

21
Q

What did Kaiser Wilhelm II do?

A

. Challenged Britain for its colonies

. Est relations with Ottomans - easier access to Africa

22
Q

When did Britain and France sign the Entente?

A

1904

23
Q

What happened to Russia in 1905?

A

. Russia lost Russo-Japanese war

. Weakened Tsarist rule

24
Q

What was the 1909 Imperial Conference held for?

A

To deal with the threat of Germany?

25
Q

What happened in 1914?

A

. Germany invaded Belgium

. Britain joined the - allied with France+ Russia

. WW1 began