(1) 🧑‍🧑‍🧒‍🧒 types of and explanations for conformity

Question 1

who identified the 3 levels/types of conformity, and in what year?

Answer 1

Kelman (1958)

Question 2

what are the three types of conformity, and what are there levels

Answer 2

• compliance (shallow)

• identification (intermediate)

• internalisation (deep)

Question 3

what is compliance?

Answer 3

• shallow level

• individual externally agrees with group but keeps personal opinions = temp change in behaviour

• eg: being pressured into drinking alcohol by friends when you don’t truly want to.

Question 4

what is identification?

Answer 4

• intermediate level

• process of adopting behaviour and beliefs of group externally and sometimes privately, as membership is valued

• acting more professional and less silly when you arrive at your office to work.

Question 5

what is internalisation?

Answer 5

• deep level

• personal opinions genuinely change to match the group, resulting in permanent change.

• being brought up in a religious household, and becoming religious yourself

Question 6

what is the two-process theory of conformity; who created it?

Answer 6

• Deutsch and Gerard (1955)
• suggesting conformity stems from two central human needs: the need to be right (informational social influence), and the need to be liked (normative social influence)

Question 7

what is informational social influence?

Answer 7

When ones uncertainty about correct behaviour in certain situations leads to looking to the majority for guidance; aiming for correctness and resulting in internalisation.

Question 8

what is normative social influence?

Answer 8

• Type of compliance

• Driven by desire to appear normal and gain approval, therefore individuals will conform to group norms temporarily to avoid rejection.

Question 9

✅ - supporting evidence for ISI + 🦄

Answer 9

• Jenness (1932)
• E: Ps estimated jellybeans alone. discussed with group. another guess alone. second guesses aligned closer to group’s estimate.
• E: task ambiguity adjusted judgments based on group opinions, real life applications: reliance on others’ judgment in unfamiliar situations
• C: low ecological validity. controlled lab experiment in artificial environment, doesn’t accurately mirror real-life situations where social influence naturally occurs, limits generalisability

Question 10

✅ - supporting evidence for NSI + 🦄

Answer 10

• Asch (1951)

• E: Ps conformed to incorrect answers in an unambiguous line length test. during post-interview, reported conforming to avoid rejection

• E: people display compliant behavior for social approval, social influence can significantly shape behavior.

• C: low ecological validity. artificial stimuli in controlled lab experiment, which lacked mundane realism, not representative of real life situations.

Question 11

❌ - some individuals exhibit varying levels of resistance to social pressures to conform.

Answer 11

E: internal locus of control less susceptible to SI as hold strong personal control and reliance on own judgments.

E: difficult to generalise findings on the responses to social influence scenarios across diff people or situations as personality differences must be accounted for in order to understand and predict behavior accurately.

Question 12

🧠

for a03, there are 2 studies mentioned with counterpoints. after naming the researcher, summaries their study.

Answer 12

• strength - Jenesse ISI (1932)

> ambiguous jelly bean estimations alone and then discussed. guesses aligned with groups estimate
🦄 > low ecological - controlled lab experiment, artifical environment, not accurate mirror of real life situations, limits applicability

• strength - Milgram NSI (1951)

> unambiguous line test