anemia Flashcards
anemia definition
Hb, Htc or RBC is under the normal range.
Red cell indices vary considerably with age
anemia in different age groups
-3month
-6month - 5 years
-6-14 year
adult women
adult men
changes in Hb and Htc with age
fetal Hb is high in 1-2 weeks because fetal in hypoxia so makes more
increases binding capacity of Hb to mother O2-bound Hb
symptoms and signs of anemia
affects which systems
- circulation
- neurology
- general signs: anorexia, poor growth, dyspnea
circulation symptoms and signs of anemia
- Heart murmur,
- tachycardia,
- arrythmia, ‘
- syncope,
- pallor,
- substernal pain
neurology symptoms and signs of anemia
Fatigue,lethargy, headache, vertigo, irritability
microcytic hypochromatic anemia
MCV
MCH values
MCV < 75 fl
MCH < 27 pg
microcytic hypochromatic anemia causes
- iron deficiency
- thalassaemias
- chronic disease
- Sideroblastic anaemia
- Copper deficiency
- Lead poisoning (glass with lead paint with vitc, air pollution)
normocytic normochromic anemia
MCV
MCH
MCV 75-90 fl
MCH > 27 pg
causes of normocytic normochromic anemia
- hemolytic anemia
- chronic inflammations
- malignancy
- acute blood loss
- bone marrow defiency
- chronic kidney disease
macrocytic anemia MCV value
MCV > 90 fl
macrocytic anemia causes
- megaloblastic anemia (b12, folate)
- liver disease
- mds
- aplastic, hypoplastic anemias
- gestation
- hypothyrosis
Diagnostic approach to anaemia- history taking
History, examination
History:
*Birth
*Prior anemicepisode
*Underlyingmedical conditions
*Diet
*Familyhistory
*Drughistory
*Development–Fanconi anaemia
Diagnostic approach to anaemia-
Examination done in anemias
Height and weight
*Dysmorphic features
*Jaundice
*Adenopathy/organomegaly
Diagnostic approach to anaemia
-Laboratory
- Red cell indices (MCV, MCH)
- RBC morphology
- Other cytopenias
- Reticulocyte-count
- Haemolysis
- Infection, sepsis
- B12-, folate
- Liver and kidney function (EPO)
