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MSA II > FINAL EXAM - spine,ribs,trunk > Flashcards

FINAL EXAM - spine,ribs,trunk Flashcards

1
Q

where is our center of gravity/ center of mass

A

anterior of S2

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2
Q

anterior pelvic tilt weak muscles

A

abs
glutes
hamstrings

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3
Q

what bones make up the greater sciatic notch

A

ilium
ischium

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4
Q

SI joint type

A

synovial, diarthrosis, plane
fibrous, syndesmosis, amphiarthrosis

FISH

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5
Q

NUTATION

A

inferiorly / anteriorly
pelvic outlet enlarges
ischial tubs. seperate
pubic symp approximates
iliac crest approximates
PSIS separates
ASIS flares in

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6
Q

bones serve as levers

A

joints serve as fulcrums

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7
Q

where is the fulcrum in first class lever

A

in between effort and load

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8
Q

where is the load in second class lever

A

in between fulcrum and effort

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9
Q

where is the effort in 3rd class lever

A

between the fulcrum and load

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10
Q

example of first class lever (seesaw)

A

atlanto occipital joint

axis = fulcrum
weigh of head = load
neck extensor muscles = effort

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11
Q

example of second class lever

A

standing on balls of feet - calf raise

MTP joint = axis
body weight = load
calf mm contracting = effort

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12
Q

example of third class lever **most common lever in the body*

A

biceps curl

elbow joint = axis
weight of arm = load
biceps mm contracting = effort

open chain

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13
Q

what is an example of all 3 types of movement - rolling, gliding, spinning

A

knee

as the knee extends the tibia externally rotates or spins on the femur and rolls and glides

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14
Q

if moving joint surface is concave, sliding is in what direction?

A

same direction as movement of the bone

concAve = sAme

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15
Q

isometric

A

mm contraction with NO LENGTH CHANGE

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16
Q

isotonic

A

mm contraction WITH LENGTH CHANGE

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17
Q

concentric

A

muscle shortens

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18
Q

eccentric

A

muscle lengthens

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19
Q

agonist

A

primary mover
produces concentric, eccentric, isometric contractions

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20
Q

what forms the iliopectineal line

A

arcuate line of ilium
pectineal line of pubic bone

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21
Q

facet/ apophyseal joint type

A

plane
uniaxial

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22
Q

intervertebral joint type

A

cartilaginous
symphysis
amphiarthrosis
triaxial

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23
Q

sacrococcygeal & pubic joint type

A

cartilaginous
symphysis
amphiarthrosis
uniaxial

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24
Q

genu varum

A

outward bowing

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25
Q

genu valgum

A

inward bowing

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26
Q

anterior tilt tight muscles

A

erector spinae
hip flexors
quads

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27
Q

posterior pelvic tilt tight muscles

A

abs
hamstrings
glute max

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28
Q

posterior pelvic tilt weak muscles

A

erector spinae
hip flexors

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29
Q

what glute extends and laterally rotates hip

A

glute max

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30
Q

glute med actions

A

abduction of hip

ant fibers = medially rotate
post fibers = laterally rotate

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31
Q

glute max actions

A

extends and laterally rotates hip
stabilizes knee in extension

lower fibers = adduct hip
upper fibers = abduct hip

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32
Q

aytpical ribs

A

1,2,10-12

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33
Q

typical ribs

A

3-9

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34
Q

which way do the fibers travel on external intercostals

A

inferior and medially

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35
Q

which rib is at the sternal angle

A

2

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36
Q

which rib is at the suprasternal / jugular notch level

A

rib 1

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37
Q

where is the infrasternal angle

A

at xiphoid process

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38
Q

xiphoid process surfaces and borders

A

ant & post surface

superior & lateral border

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39
Q

costovertebral, costotranverse joint type and movement

A

plane
uniaxial

gliding

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40
Q

stenocostal joint type rib 1 & costochondral joint type

A

cartilaginous
synchondrosis
synarthrosis

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41
Q

sternocostal rib 2-7 joint type

A

plane
uniaxial

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42
Q

serratus posterior superior

A

SP C7-T3
ribs 2-5 superior external bordwe

expands chest, elevates ribs

VENTRAL RAMI

&& considered inspiratory mm*

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43
Q

serratus posterior inferior

A

SPs T11-L3
ribs 9-12

draws ribs down and back

VENTRAL RAMI

** considered acc. mm of expiration

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44
Q

subclavius

A

1st rib
middle 1/3 of clavicle

assist in stabilization and depress clavicle

nerve to subclavius

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45
Q

what direction do the innermost and internal intercostal fibres run

A

inferior and laterally

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46
Q

external intercostals

A

lower border of ribs
upper border of ribs below

elevate ribs in inspiration

intercostal nerve

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47
Q

internal intercostals

A

inner surfaces of ribs and costal cartilages
upper borders of adjacent ribs below

prevents pushing out or drawing in of intercostal spaces
lower fibers = forced expiration

intercostal nerves

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48
Q

innermost intercostals

A

lower border of ribs
upper border of rib below origin

elevate ribs

intercostal nerve

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49
Q

levator costarum

A

TP of C7-T11
ribs 1-12

elevate ribs

dorsal rami

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50
Q

QL

A

iliolumbar ligament
internal lip iliac crest

inferior border of 12th rib, TP L1-L4

unilateral - lateral flexion of trunk , depress 12th rib s
bilat = extension of lumbosacral spine

LUMBAR PLEXUS

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51
Q

multifidis cervicis O and I

A

TP C4-7

SP 2-4 segments above origin, SP of all vertebra extending from C2-L5

bilat = extension
uni= contralateral rotation

dorsal rami

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52
Q

spinalis capitis / semispinalis capitis

A

TP C7-T6 , artic process C4-C6
occipital bone between superior and inferior nuchal lines

extend and contralateral rotation

connected to semispinalis capitis

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53
Q

spinalis cervicis

A

SP of C7, nuchal ligament
SP of C2

extend cervical spine

dorsal rami

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54
Q

erector spinae group and group actions, nerve

A

spinalis
longissimus
iliocostalis

uni- lateral flexion
bilat- extend

dorsal rami

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55
Q

longissimus capitis

A

TP T1-T4, artic processes C5-C7
mastoid process

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56
Q

longissimus cervicis

A

TVP T1-T5

posterior tubercles on TVP’s C2-C6

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57
Q

iliocostalis cervicis

A

angle of ribs 3-6

posterior tubercles of TVP C4-C6

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58
Q

Rectus capitis anterior

A

root of TVP, lateral mass of atlas

base of occipital bone anterior to foramen magnum

flexion
ipsilateral rotation

ventral rami

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59
Q

rectus capitis lateralis

A

superior surface of TVP of atlas (c1)

inferior surface of jugular process of occipital bone

lateral flexion of head

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60
Q

longus capitis

A

ant tubercles of TVP C3-C6
inferior surface of basilar part of occipital bone

flexion of head / neck
ipsilateral rotation

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61
Q

splenius capitis

A

nuchal ligament, SP C7-T3
mastoid process, lateral 1/3 of superior nuchal line

ipsilateral rotation, lateral flexion

dorsal rami

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62
Q

splenius cervicis

A

SP T3-T6
post tubercles of TVP C1-C3

ipsilateral rotation, lateral flexion
extension

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63
Q

main function of suboccipitals

A

maintain postural stabilization of head

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64
Q

rectus capitis posterior major

A

SP of C2 (axis)

lateral portion of inferior nuchal line

extends and ipsilateral rotates

65
Q

rec cap posterior minor

A

posterior tubercle C1 (atlas)

medial portion of inferior nuchal line

extend head

66
Q

obliquus capitis superior

A

TP of C1
occipital bone

extend and laterally flex head

67
Q

obliquus cap inferior

A

SP of C2
TVP C1

ipsilateral rotation

68
Q

diaphragm

A

STERNAL: 2 slips from xiphoid process

COSTAL: inner surface of ribs 6-12, costal cartilages

VERTEBRAL: bodies of L1-L3 , 12th rib

into central tendon

draws central tendon down, separates thoracic and abdominal cavities

contracts during inspiration - dome descends

relaxes during expiration

phrenic

69
Q

what mm’s contract during inspiration

A

diaphragm
external intercostals

contract to enlarge thoracic cavity and elevate ribs

70
Q

kyphotic curves

A

thoracic
sacral

71
Q

typical thoracic spine vertebra

A

T2-T8

two demifacets

72
Q

what makes T1 atypical

A

superior facet for rib 1
inferior demifacet for rib 2

73
Q

T10,11,12

A

only superior facet for head of corresponding rib

74
Q

what does the anterior longitudinal ligament prevent

A

hyperextension

75
Q

rotation and lateral flexion always occur together except where

A

C1/C2

76
Q

C2 - T5 lat flexion is always accompanied w rotation on the ___ side

A

ipsilateral

77
Q

thoracic spine in layers

A

1= traps, lats
2 = lev scap, rhomboids
3 = serratus post sup and inf
4 = spenius cap and cervicis
5- erectors
6= transversospinalis

78
Q

iliocostalis thoracis

A

upper borders rib angles 7-12
angle of ribs 1-6, TVP C7

79
Q

Ilicostalis lumborum

A

sacrum, SP T11,T12, upper lumbar, iliac crest, supraspinous ligament

angle of ribs 7-12

80
Q

longissimus thoracis

A

TVP L1-L5, thoracolumbar fascia

TVP T1-T12, angle of ribs 4-12

81
Q

spinalis thoracis

A

SP’s T11-L2
SP’S T1-T4 or T8

extension

82
Q

semispinalis thoracis

A

TVP T6-T12
SP C6-T4

extension
CONTRALATERAL rotation

83
Q

multifidus thoracis

A

TVP T1-T12
SP’S 3-4 segments above

84
Q

multifidus lumborum

A

mamillary processes of L1-L5
SP’s 3-4 segments above origin

85
Q

where in spine are rotatores most developed and always present

A

thoracic

86
Q

atypical c spine

A

C1 ATLAS
C2 AXIS
C7 - transitional

87
Q

atlanto occipital joint type and movements

A

condyloid
biaxial

flex, extension, lat flexion

88
Q

medial atlanto axial joint type and movement

A

pivot, uniaxial

dens of C2 articulates w articular facet of C1

rotation

transverse ligament*

89
Q

lateral atlanto axial joint type

A

plane
uniaxial

inferior facets of C1 articulate w superior facets of C2

gliding

90
Q

tectorial membrane turns into what

A

posterior longitudinal ligament after C2

91
Q

superficial layer of cervical spine muscles

A

platysma
SCM
traps
lev scap

92
Q

what nerve innervates the infrahyoids

A

ansa cervicalis

93
Q

what hyoid does not insert on hyoid bone

A

sternothyroid

94
Q

what are the 4 infrahyoids

A

thyrohyoid
sternohyoid
omohyoid
sternothyroid

95
Q

typical lumbar vertebrae

A

L1-L4 - mamillary processes

96
Q

interspinales actions

A

stabilization
extension

97
Q

26 total vertebra

A

24 true
2 false ( 1 sacrum, 1 coccyx)

98
Q

23 intervertebral discs

A

starting at C2,C3
ending L5, S1

99
Q

nerve root C7 goes between what

A

C7 and T1

100
Q

where does nerve root T3 come out from

A

under T3, above T4

T4 goes under T4 above T5

101
Q

functions of spine

A

protection
stabilization
support and weight bearing
motion
resiliency / shock absorption

102
Q

vertebral bodies heights

A

cervical = equal

thoracic = thicker posteriorly

lumbar = L1 = higher posteriorly
L2= equal
L3-5 = higher anteriorly

103
Q

intervertebral discs thickness

A

cervical = anteriorly
thoracic = equal
lumbar = anteriorly

104
Q

where does spinal cord end

A

L1-L2 - conus medullaris

cauda equina begins

105
Q

where is the last intervertebral disc

A

L5

106
Q

what notches form the intervertebral foramen

A

superior and inferior vertebral notch

107
Q

spinal ligaments from anterior to posterior APLIS

A

ALL
PLL
ligamentum flavum
interspinous
supraspinous

108
Q

where does the iliolumabr ligament span from

A

TVP L5 –> ilium of pelvis

109
Q

lumbar spine extension is coupled w SACRAL NUTATION

anterior sacral tilt or sacral flexion

A

lumbar spine flexion is coupled w SACRAL COUNTERNUTATION

posterior sacral tilt or sacral extension

110
Q

external oblique

A

external surfaces ribs 5-12
linea alba, pubic tubercles, anterior 1/2 iliac crest

flexion
lateral flexion
contralateral rotation

111
Q

internal oblique action

A

lateral flexion
IPSILATERAL ROTATION

Internal=Ipsilateral

112
Q

actions of psoas major

A

flexion
lateral flexion of hip

flexion/lat flexion of spinal joints

anterior pelvic tilt

113
Q

iliacus actions

A

flexion and lateral rotation of hip
ant pelvic tilt

114
Q

what connects the spinous process to the transverse process

A

lamina

115
Q

when working unilaterally, multifidus does what

A

contralaterally rotates

116
Q

inferior belly of digastric mm is what nerve

A

trigeminal

117
Q

where does the T12 nerve root travel

A

between T12 and L1

118
Q

what bony landmark separates the 2 demifacets on a head of a typical rib

A

interarticular crest

119
Q

wjere is the sternal angle

A

between manubrium and body of sternum

120
Q

what bone is the lesser sciatic notch part of

A

ischium

121
Q

what bones are the obturator foramen formed by

A

pubic & ischium

122
Q

what does the ASIS do in nutation

A

flare INWARDS

123
Q

What mm’s attach to pes anserine

A

gracilis
sartorius
semitendinosus

124
Q

how many foramina does the sacrum have

A

4 anterior

125
Q

tibia borders

TAIM

A

anterior
interosseus
medial

126
Q

fibula borders

FAIP

A

anterior
interosseus
posterior

127
Q

where is the facet for head of fibula

A

lateral condyle of tibia

128
Q

origin of anterior cruciate ligament

A

lateral condyle of femur

129
Q

is the ACL taught in hyperextension of knee

A

yes

130
Q

what movement does ACL resists

A

anterior translation and medial rotationof tibia on femur

prevents hyperextension

131
Q

what ligament resists valgus forces

A

MCL

132
Q

what mm flexes MTP joints and extends IP

A

lumbricals

1st digit = medial plantar
2-4- lateral plantar

133
Q

a Q angle of less than 0 degrees is what

A

genu varum

134
Q

in a closed chain mvment the popliteus does what motion

A

laterally rotates the femur

135
Q

does the splenius capitis ipsilateral rotate the head

A

yesss

136
Q

what is the hyoid bone in front of

A

C2,C3

137
Q

no lateral flexion at C1-C2

A

no rotation at CO-C1

138
Q

what infrahyoid acts on the larynx

A

thyrohyoid

depress larynx, hyoid bone

139
Q

which 2 muscles ipsilaterally rotate and laterally flex head

A

splenius capitis & cervicis

140
Q

what lies on top of a typical rib

A

articular facet

141
Q

what are the two notches on either side of xiphoid process

A

costal notches

142
Q

where does the sacrospinous ligament run from

A

sacrum to ischial spine

143
Q

origin of longissimus cervicis

A

TVP T1-T5

144
Q

origin of longissimus capitis

A

TVP T1-T4, articular processes C5-C7

145
Q

origin of rhomboid major

A

SP T2-T5

into medial border of scap between inferior angle and spine of scapula

146
Q

what mm does not attach to occiput

A

obliquus capitis inferior

147
Q

origin of posterior scalene

A

posterior tubercles of TVP C5-C7

148
Q

what vertebral bony landmark is involved in the costotransverse joint

A

tubercle of ribs

149
Q

what action does multifidus do

A

extend
contralaterally rotate

150
Q

iliocostalis thoracis originates from where

A

upper borders rib angles ribs 7-12

151
Q

iliocostalis lumborum origin

A

sacrum
SP T11, T12
iliac crest
supraspinous ligament

152
Q

what is the coupled motion in cervical spine

A

ipsilateral
C2-T5

153
Q

coupled motion in lower thoracic and lumbar

A

contralateral

154
Q

in counternutation of sacrum what do ischial tuberosities do

A

approximate

155
Q

when the pelvis in posteriorly tilted what mm are weak

A

erectors
hip flexors

156
Q

what term is used for mm contracting that is not shortening or lengthening (not changing shape)

A

isometric

157
Q

what mm surrounds each testicle

A

cremaster (connected to internal oblique)

158
Q

what does the dartos surround

A

the penis, foreskin, scrotum

contracts to wrinkle skin to reduce heat loss and relaxing them does the opposite

MSA II (20 decks)

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