childhood disorders Flashcards
what is the diagnostic criteria for IDD
deficits in intellectual functioning, reasoning, problem solving, planning, learning and judgement
deficits in adaptive functioning that results in failure to meet developmental and social standards for personal independance, and social responsibility
the onset of these is during the developmental period
risk factors of IDD
adverse postnatal environments - deprivation of nurturing and stimulation
problems during pregnancy - hypoxia, foetal alcohol syndrome, fetal malnurtition
general medical conditions like seizures and infections
what does IDD look like
early recognition is seen in severe impairment, impairment across multiple developmental domains, delayed milestones and presence of many potential risk factors
what is ASD
autism spectrum disorder. neuro-developmental issue. present in childhood and right across lifespan
diagnostic criteria for autism
persistent deficits in social communication and social interaction across multiple contexts, symptoms of all three - social emotional recipricocity, nonverbal communicative behaviours and relationships
restricted/repetitive behaviours, interests or activities at least 2
symptoms must be present in early childhood - may not become fully aware until the social demands exceed autistic persons capabilities
clinically significant impairment
what are the three domains of autism
social, communication and repetitive& restrictive behaviours.
ASD risk factors
Risk factors: maternal and paternal age, perinatal complications.
Common comorbidities: IDD, specific learning disorders, speech language disorders, anxiety, ADHD, mood
what can ASD also present
sleep onset and quality,eating and emotional regulation
what are the three types of ADHD
inattentive, hyperactive and combined
DSM criteria for ADHD
persistent pattern of inattention and or hyperactive impulsivity that interferes with functioning or development
6 or more symptoms in each category up to age 16, 5 or more from age 17,
present for at least 6 months and the behaviours are inappropriate for the developmental stage of the child.
what are the DSM criterion for ADHD
longitudinal: hyperactive-impulsive or inattentive symptoms causing impairment before age 12
cross sectional: impairment of symptoms in two or more settings
pervasiveness and severity criterion: clear evidence of clinically significant impairment in social, academic or occupational functioning
exclusion: do not occur during pervasive developmental disorder, psychotic disorders not better accounted for by mood or dissosiative disorders.
signs of inattentive disorder
inattention can be some of the following: fails to pay attention to details, makes careless mistakes, doesn’t seem to be listening when spoken to, often loses things, easily distracted by irrelevant stimuli.
signs of hyperactive ADHD
often fidgets, squirms in seat, runs around and climbs excessively, talks excessively, interrupts, blurts out answers. Answers.
Again the diagnosis of this disorder has to depend on developmental stages and the cultural norms.
whats the risk factors for ADHD
ADHD is rather genetic, as it is a deficiency in dopamine regulation genes
diagnostic criteria for oppositonal defiant disorder
pattern of angry/ irritable mood, arguementitive, defiant behaviour or vindictiveness for at least 6 months with at least 4 of the following: Loses temper, angry and resentful, argues with authority figures or adults, actively defies, refuses to comply with requests from authority figures, blames others for mistakes, spiteful, vindictive at least twice in the past 6 months.
also see distress in individual or others in immediate social context , or negative impact on social, educational areas of functioning
these behaviours do not occur during psychotic, substance use or depressive or bipolar episodes
