LESSON 1.2 Taxonomy and its Components Flashcards

1
Q

The science of classifying
living things.

A

Taxonomy

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2
Q

The ____________is
used to arrange organisms into groups.

A

taxonomic scheme

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3
Q

taxonomy consists of
three separate but interrelated parts:

A

classification, nomenclature, and
identification

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4
Q

The branch of
taxonomy concerned with assigning
names to taxonomic groups in
agreement with published rules.

A

Nomenclature

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5
Q

The practical side of
taxonomy- the process of determining if a particular isolate belongs to a recognized taxon and, if so, which one.

A

Identification

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6
Q

is often used for
taxonomy, although it sometimes infers
a more general scientific study of
organisms with the ultimate objective of arranging them in an orderly manner

A

Systematics

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7
Q

characterize an
isolate to determine what species it is.

A

Classification

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8
Q

What is species in bacteria?

A

collection of strains that share stable properties in common

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9
Q

What is a strain?

A

a population of
organisms that descends from a pure culture isolates or from a species of bacteria

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10
Q

What are the strains of E.coli

A

Shiga toxin-producing E. coli
(STEC)
Enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC)
Enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC)
Enteroaggregative E. coli (EAEC)
Enteroinvasive E. coli (EIEC)
Diffusely adherent E. coli (DAEC)

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11
Q

what are the two type of classification?

A

artificial classification- based on phenotype
natural/Phylogenetic classification- purported evolution

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12
Q

Difference between two types of classification

A

Characters:
A: few characters
P: all characters are considered

Hereditary:
A: Difficult identifying particular genera
P: Members of different groups are similar in hereditary pattern

Classification
A: more stable
P: May change

Information
A: Limited information
P: Plenty of useful information

Phylogeny
A: not related
P: related

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13
Q

What are the 6keypoints of principles of bacterial nomenclature?

A

Binomial System: Genus (capitalized) epithet (lowercase italicized)

Stability: Established names are preferred over newly proposed ones even if new names are more accurate.

Priority: The first validly published name for a taxon takes precedence

Types of culture: bacterial strains referred to as the type of culture, serve as reference points for a named species

Unique Names: Each organism at a particular rank (e.g., genus, species) can only have one correct name.

Independent System: Bacterial
nomenclature is independent of the naming systems used for plants and animals

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14
Q

Involves the study, not of a single cell, but of a population (entire) of identical cells.

A

characterization and identification

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15
Q

What should be established during characterization and identification?

A

the isolates must be pure before the characterization.

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16
Q

What are the three reasons for doing characterization?

A

identification
comparison
exploit characteristics that may be beneficial

17
Q

This book serve as a brief reference guide in the identification of bacteria based of physiological and morphological traits.

A

Bergey’s manual of Systematic bacteriology

18
Q

Explain how this book was used then and now.

A

Past: phenotypically
Now: correlated phenotypic characters to genomics

19
Q

Blueprint of every biological organism

A

phenotype

20
Q

This book provides the _____, ______, _____, _____ and other information

A

morphology, physiology, growth conditions, and ecology

21
Q

Difference between the first and second edition?

A

First edition: phenotypic characterization
Second edition: molecular approaches to phylogenetic analysis.

22
Q

A method used to determine the genus and species of a newly isolated microbe.
● This approach include

A

Polyphasic Taxonomy

Phenotypic, phylogenetic, genotypic features

23
Q

What are the five methods under polyphasic taxonomy

A
  1. numerical analysis
  2. Morphology, physiology and enzymology
  3. Chemotaxonomy
  4. Typing methods
  5. Analytical methods.
24
Q

Numerical analysis

A

CFU
growth

25
Q

Morphology, physiology, and enzymology

A

Biochemical testing
Analytical profile index

26
Q

Chemotaxonomy

A

Tropism

Composition of organisms
-cell wall
-exopolysaccharide
-mycolic acids
-cellular fatty acids
-polar lipids
- whole cell protein analysis
-polyamines
-isoprenoid quinones

27
Q

Typing methods

A
  • determine antigen present
    -serotyping
28
Q

Analytical methods

A

-Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight (MALDI-TOF)
-Mass spectrometry (MS)
-Functional translation readthrough (FT-TR)