Lesson 2.3 Motility: Flagella

Question 1

It is a whip-like structure that allow bacteria to move

Answer 1

flagella

Question 2

Flagellum is a complex _______

Answer 2

rotary motor

Question 3

It is a long slender filament made of _____ anchored to the cell wall and cytoplasmic membrane

Answer 3

flagellin

Question 4

Main component of the flagellum

Answer 4

filament

Question 5

The ___ or ____ consists of a single type of protein connects the filament to the flagellum motor

Answer 5

hook or base

Question 6

The motor is consists of what type of proteins?

Answer 6

MS ring, C ring, LP ring and rod

Question 7

Differentiate the proteins in the flagella of gram-positive and gram-negative

Answer 7

Gram-positive
C-ring- cytoplasm
ms-ring

Gram-negative
L-ring: anchored in the outer membrane

Question 8

Two proteins in the cytoplasmic membrane that help the motor

Answer 8

Mot A and Mot B

Question 9

Set of proteins that helps the motor switch

Answer 9

Fli protein

Question 10

Describe the movement of single flagellum bacteria

Answer 10

clockwise- run, move in straight line
Counterclockwise- tumble, reorient

Question 11

Bacteria that lack flagellum

Answer 11

atrichous

Question 12

a bacteria with one flagellum and aids in propulsion

Answer 12

monotrichous

Question 13

a bacteria with multiple flagella clustered at one end. forms tufts or bunches

Answer 13

Lophotrichous

Question 14

Bacteria with flagella on both ends but appear singly or in pairs

Answer 14

Amphitrichous

Question 15

Bacteria with flagella all over the surface

Answer 15

Peritrichous

Question 16

Combine amphitrichous and lophotrichous arrangements

Answer 16

Amphilopotrichous

Question 17

TTC is added with 1% glucose on media what is the result?

Answer 17

The media appears red when under reducing conditions

Question 18

How does the H2S production test detect the motility of bacteria?

Answer 18

Bacteria that reduces sulfur to hydrogen sulfide turn the media black indicating motility

Question 19

A chart that show the motile and non-motile organisms under Enterobacter

Answer 19

Organogram/ Organizational Chart

Question 20

Examples of motile organism

Answer 20

Serratia, Citrobacter, Enterobacter, E.coli, Salmonella and Proteus

Question 21

Examples of non-motile

Answer 21

Shigella, Klebsiella oxytoca

Question 22

Bacteria have flagella then archeaa have ______

Answer 22

archaella

Question 23

Archaella are powered by _______

Answer 23

ATP undergoing hydrolyzation

Question 24

The filament of the archaella is made of what type of protein

Answer 24

archaellin

Question 25

Explain the evolutionary distinction between bacterial flagella and arhaella

Answer 25

Flagella- evolved from type 3 secretory and transport system Archaella- rotating type IV pilus

Question 26

What type of evolution can be deduced from archaella and flagella

Answer 26

convergent evolution. structures arise in different lineages serving similar purpose

Question 27

Archaea that shows motility but are slower than e.coli

Answer 27

halobacterium

Question 28

Structure involved in non-flagellar motility

Answer 28

Fimbriae, pili, filaments and fibrils

Question 29

Helps the cell to stick to surfaces

Answer 29

Fimbriae (2-10 nm)

Question 30

shorter but more numerous than pili

Answer 30

Fimbriae

Question 31

It acts as receptors for viruses example of bacteria with this

Answer 31

Pili Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Question 32

Classes of pili based on functions

Answer 32

Conjugative. sex pili: genetic exchange Type IV pili: adhesion and twitching motility

Question 33

a gliding motility where pili extends and retracts examples: _____ and ____

Answer 33

twitching motility Pseudomonas and Moraxella

Question 34

Type IV pili aid colonization in various pathogens

Answer 34

Vibirio cholerae (cholera) Neisseria gonorrhoeae (gonorrhea) Streptococcus pyogenes (sore throat)

Question 35

Function of type IV pili

Answer 35

adhesion for pathogens transfer of genetic materials

Question 36

Similar to barbed type IV pili for archaea function

Answer 36

SM1 Archaea- hami attached to surfaces form biofilm to conserve nutrients

Question 37

Importance of Motility

Answer 37

Finding favorable condition- optimal condition for growth and survival Escaping threats- evade toxins, antibiotics, predators Biofilm formation- communities of bacteria encased in extracellular polymeric substances (EPS)

Question 38

The control systems: chemotaxis

Answer 38

Chemical sensing- bacteria with chemoreceptors detect changes in the conc. of chemicals Attractants: move towards it Repelants: move away from the source Adjusting movement: adjust their movement in response to the concentrations through signalling pathways