Religious Policy Flashcards
What happened in terms of religion in 1553?
Aug - Mary issues proclamation saying she will not change anything until Parliament met but did start sacking Protestant clergy, like Latimer, Ridley and Hooper
Oct - Parliament met and issued 1st Act of Repeal
Dec - stopped using title of Supreme Head
Details of the 1st Act of Repeal?
Takes England back to National Catholicism - 6 Articles back in place, transubstantiation acknowledged, communion in one kind
What happened in terms of religious policy in 1554?
Jan - 800 Prots fled England, known as the Marian exiles
March - Royal Injunctions
April - Parliament met and agreed to reintroduce heresy laws
Nov - Pole returns to England and lifts the excommunication
Nov - 2nd Act of Repeal
Details of royal injunctions
Bishops ordered to suppress Protestantism and there was a removal of married clergy, Protestant ceremonies, Edward’s BCP
Details of 2nd Act of Repeal
Brings back Roman Catholicism - Pope reinstated as Head of the Church
What concession did Mary have to make to pass the 2nd Act of Repeal?
Mary had to promise to Parliament that she would not touch monastic land - those who had bought land after 1536 would keep it
What does Mary do with ex-monastic crown land?
Returns it to the Church - lost £60k p.a. in rent from this!
What happens in terms of religious policy in 1555?
Jan - commission established to look into reestablishing monasteries
Jan - Bonner’s Book of Homilies replaces Cranmer’s
Nov - Gardiner died (he had recommended only burning influential Protestants)
Dec - Pole becomes ArchB (he wanted to burn all of the Protestants)
How many people were burned in Mary’s reign?
Around 280, mainly in London and the South East
Who was the first person to be burned under Mary?
John Rogers, died in February 1555 (he had been involved in translating the bible into english)
Pole’s top-down strategy: Education
Planned to set up seminaries to train priests
Planned to set up Cathedral schools for young boys, e.g. in Durham, Lincoln and York
Pole made himself Chancellor of Cambridge and then Oxford and set up St John’s College Oxford
Pole’s top-down strategy: Catholic literature
Pole planned to publish Latin Bibles and new catechisms (problem - not enough printing presses to achieve this)
Catholic writers like Miles Hogarde published defences of the new regime. He wrote ‘The Displaying of the Protestants in 1556’ which attacked the Protestants
Pole’s top-down strategy: 12 Decrees of Westminster
Synod of Westminster met to discuss how to implement full Catholicism and issued 12 Decrees tackling issues like absenteeism and nepotism
Pole’s top-down strategy: Visitations
Pole established visitations to ensure Mary’s injunctions were being enforced, e.g. making sure all services were delivered in Latin
How many Protestant prayer books are estimated to have been in circulation during Mary’s reign?
19,000
