Unit 7- Immume System

Question 1

What are pathogens?

Answer 1

Agent that causes diseases - virus, bacterium, fungus, multicelluar parasites

Question 2

Define antigen

Answer 2

A substances that binds to receptors of B cells, antibodies or T cells
- foreign antigens stimulate an immune response

Question 3

Define infected cells

Answer 3

The pathogen has entered the cell and has hijacked the host machinery to make copies of itself
- in the surface of the cell

Question 4

What includes the innate (1st) defense system?

Answer 4

Macrophages, mast cells, Natural killers

Question 5

What do macrophages do?

Answer 5

Destroys microbios, releases cytokines, a phagocytic cell

Question 6

What do neutrophils do?

Answer 6

Part of innate system- kill bacteria and die( puss)

Question 7

What do natural killer cells do?

Answer 7

Recognize who to kill by lack of MHCI- name tag destroy me button on

Question 8

What do mast cells do,

Answer 8

Mast cells are cells in the injury site that are injured release histamine cells which cause inflammation. Attracting phagocytic cells

Question 9

What is the role of MHCs?

Answer 9

• MHC II are utilized to show the immune system when the cell has been invaded by a virus
• MHC I are utilized to show which cells are in fact part of the body or not

Question 10

What includes the Adaptive Immunity?

Answer 10

Cytotoxic T cells, helper T cells, B cells

Question 11

B cells

Answer 11

Make antibodies, mature in bone marrow, type of white cell, they hang in the lymph system determine friend from foe until they find the specific antigen

Question 12

T- cells

Answer 12

Are creatures in bone marrow and mature in the thyme, train B- cells, activate tired macrophages, no memory cells, call in cytokine

Question 13

Antobodies

Answer 13

They can neutralize a pathogen by attaching to the surface, attach in a process called agglutination so macrophages can eat them , effector cells realesee 2,000 antibodies per second for 4-5 days until pathogens die.

Question 14

Which immune system response could best be characterized as adaptive ?

Answer 14

After the first exposure to an antigen, memory b- lymphocytes are produced to recognize the same antigen upon a second exposure

Question 15

What is the main deference between innate and adaptive defense?

Answer 15

The ability to remember specific pathogen

Question 16

What is the difference between active and passive immunity ?

Answer 16

Passive- antibodies are given rather than produced, are temporary
Active - the persons own body produce antibodies in response to the presence of pathogen

Question 17

Examples of passive immunity

Answer 17

Nursing, antibodies are borrowed, receiving plasma ( monoclonal antibodies), short term (Band aid) immunity

Question 18

Example of active immunity

Answer 18

Vaccinations, long term immunity, individuals make their own antibodies by being exposed to sickness

Question 19

Difference between antigen SHIFT and antigenic DRIFT?

Answer 19

Antigenic SHIFT- is a completely new sub type of virus that requires animal antigens
ANTIGENIC DRIFT- when viruses have small mutations in their antigen over time

Question 20

Each individual lymphocyte displays at least _____ special protein receptors on its surface?

Answer 20

10,000

Question 21

A virus enters a cell by first attaching to one of the __ __________ proteins. The cell develops the virus. The virus take over the protein making organelles, called the ____.

Answer 21

18, hemagglutinin, ribosomes

Question 22

How do vaccines work-

Answer 22

By stimulating an organisms immune system to develop antibodies against a particular antigen. Developing a vaccine involves producing an antigen that can be introduced into an organism , causing a immune response without causing a diseases associated with the antigen