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AUDE 5410 Aud-Vestib Disorders > Outer Ear Pathology > Flashcards

Outer Ear Pathology Flashcards

1
Q

how long is the avg adult ear

A

2.5 cm (1 inch) and .7 cm (.3 in) in diameter

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2
Q

what two branches of external carotid with an extensive network of anastomoses bw the branches are

A

superficial temporal artery & postauricular artery

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3
Q

waht makes reconstruction of an auricle difficult

A

intricate & delicate topography & blood supply

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4
Q

venous drainage of pinna ends in

A

external & internal jugular veins

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5
Q

sensory innervation of auricle is supplied by

A

lesser occipital nerve (cervical spinal nerves), auriculotemporal (trigeminal nerve) , & auricular branch (vagus nerve)

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6
Q

transmission of auricular deformities

A

ad or ar

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7
Q

Some auricular deformities may be an indication of

A

middle & inner ear abnormalities

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8
Q

why is it good practice to inspect outer ear during otoscopy

A

because some auricle deformities can be an indication of middle or inner ear issues

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9
Q

Children with auricular anomalies show a slightly increased risk of concurrent

A

renal abnormalities that can require medical/surgical intervention

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10
Q

what is microtia

A

underdevelopment of outer ear
range from complete agensis (absence of pinna) to small ears with atretic canals
peanut ear

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11
Q

twice as many ____ affacted as ____ in microtia

A

males, females

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12
Q

which ear is most often involved in microtia

A

right, rarely bilateral

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13
Q

what is anastomoses

A

connections

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14
Q

what is the auricle supplied by

A

arterial, venous, & nerve supply

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15
Q

stenosis

A

narrowing of ec

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16
Q

atresia

A

no opening of the ear canal

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17
Q

where is bilateral microtia frequently seen

A

treacher collins (first arch) syndrome

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18
Q

what is constricted ear

A

encircling helix is tight

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19
Q

what does constricted ear include

A

loop & cup ear

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20
Q

an inferior bending of the superior helix

A

loop ear

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21
Q

increase in the bowl size

A

cup ear

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22
Q

do people have the same ears?

A

no, every ear is different even between family members

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23
Q

what are auricular appendages

A

often a result of accessory auricular hillocks from which the auricle develops
usualy unilateral
can be skin or skin and cartilage (skin tag)
can present with HL

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24
Q

what are auricular sinuses/pits

A

Usually harmless, pit-like depression anterior to the auricle
May be a result of failed closure of part of the first branchial groove
can get blocked with debris or become infected

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25
Q

auricular trauma can result from

A

thermal injury
penetrating injury
blunt injury

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26
Q

why is auricle susceptibel to trauma

A

Because of its prominent and unprotected position
the ear has no protective reflex

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27
Q

Auricular trauma often requires

A

antibiotics and tetanus prophylaxis but may also require surgical reconstruction

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28
Q

Can occur as a result of blunt force trauma and contact sport

A

auricular hematoma

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29
Q

what is an auricular hematoma

A

Blood vessels in the perichondrium (membrane covering the cartilage of the outer ear) get separated from the underlying cartilage
Because the cartilage receives oxygen and nutrients from the perichondrium, the separation can result in devitalization of the avascular cartilage and subsequent fibrosis (scarring)

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30
Q

what happens if you leave the hematoma left untreated

A

new and asymmetric cartilage forms from the perichondrium resulting in a distorted/thickened external ear or cauliflower ear

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31
Q

who commonly gets auricular hematomas

A

wrestlers, boxers, & football players

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32
Q

chondrium

A

cartilage

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33
Q

per

A

over it

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34
Q

what can occur with swelling (edema) seen in hematomas

A

swelling - when the ear does this it can close off the ear canal and can induce a CHL

if you already have a hl now you have a mixed hl and you wont be able to wear a ha

35
Q

how can they fix hematomas

A

drain it

36
Q

what are penetrating injuries to pinna

A

Seen with knife wounds, human and animal bites, and motor vehicle accidents

Can result in complete or partial avulsion (separation) of the auricle

37
Q

what should you do if the ear is completely off

A

it should be transported in a cold, sterile container for re-attachment

38
Q

can you reattach a pinna

A

Re-attachment is possible and often successful if done relatively early, preferably within five hours of the injury

39
Q

what can thermal injuries be due to

A

due to temperature changes, both hot and cold
frostbite
burn of pinna with secondary infection

40
Q

what is the treatment for bites (humans and animals)

A

prophylactic tetanus & antibiotics

41
Q

why do dr worry the most with burn victims and keep in sterile environments are infections? why are they such a big concern?

A

there is not a skin barrier anymore
largest barrier and very important for protection against infections

42
Q

biggest issue to burn victims

A

secondary infections

43
Q

higher % and severe the burn, the

A

higher the infection worry

44
Q

what is perichondritis

A

inflammation of the cartilage covering the ear

biggest problem is due to piercings that were not done sterily

45
Q

what are the categories of perichondritis

A

infectious (suppurative perichondritis)

noninfectious (relapsing perichondritis)

46
Q

what can perichondritis be caused by

A

Injury, burns, insect bites, ear piercing, boils, etc.

47
Q

what is perichondritis insidious onset

A

Initially presenting with a dull ache, warmth, and redness
If untreated, it can progress to cartilaginous necrosis and deformity (death of the cartilage)

48
Q

what is insidious

A

it will happen slowly, may not notice it right away
dull ache, warmth, redness, etc.

49
Q

Infections of the auricle can be

A

bacterial or viral

50
Q

most severe and common viral infection of the auricle

A

herpes zoster oticus

51
Q

The most common viral infection with accompanying VII N paralysis

A

herpes zoster oticus

52
Q

what is herpes zoster oticus

A

shingles
ramsay hunt syndrome

53
Q

what is shingles caused by

A

Caused by reactivation of latent varicella zoster (chicken pox) virus in geniculate, spiral, and vestibular ganglion, and VII nerve sheath

54
Q

The 2nd most common cause of facial nerve palsy (3 to 20%)

A

herpes zoster oticus

55
Q

earliest symptom of shingles

A

pain and painful rash in the ear canal, concha, or below/behind the auricle

56
Q

can shingles affect the 8th nerve

A

yes, but not very common
more externally

57
Q

what is allergic contact dermatitis

A

Caused by exposure to medicinal and cosmetic products (particularly jewelry containing nickel)

The auricle becomes red, inflamed, and there may be pain

58
Q

he auricle is prone to allergies resulting most commonly in

A

contact dermatitis

59
Q

treatment for shingles

A

antiviral drugs and steroids
sometimes med to calm the nerves

60
Q

treatment for contact dermititis

A

topical antibiotics and steroids

61
Q

what is seborrheic dermatitis

A

etiology unknown
believed to be due to infection by yeast like organism Malassezia furfur

62
Q

result of seborrheic dermatitis

A

scaly superficial eczematous dermatitis (not contagious)

63
Q

often causes otitis externa

A

seborrheic dermatitis

64
Q

treatment for seborrheic dermatitis

A

Decrease yeast colonization and inflammation by antimycotic drugs, topical steroid cream, and drops

65
Q

neoplasm menaing

A

new tissue
can be benign or malignant

66
Q

Benign neoplasms include

A

cysts and keloids

67
Q

what is a keloid

A

scar tissue
Benign outward overgrowth of scar tissue

68
Q

what are cysts

A

fluid filled cavities anywhere in the body

69
Q

what are sebaceous cysts

A

Fluid filled cysts that are generally seen following trauma such as ear piercing

can become secondarily infected

70
Q

treatment for sebaceous cysts

A

antibiotics followed by surgical excision

71
Q

Commonly seen following ear trauma, ear piercing, and viral infections like herpes varicella zoster

A

keloid

72
Q

can spread to adjacent tissue
this is why they are considered in tumor categories

A

keloid

73
Q

treatment for keloids

A

surgical excision
steroid injection

74
Q

these are rare

A

malingnant neoplasms of the auricle

75
Q

most common malingnant neoplasms of the auricle
represents ½ to 2/3 of all skin cancers involving the auricle

A

squamous cell carcinoma

76
Q

most common skin cancer but its occurrence in the auricle is fairly uncommon

A

basal cell carcinoma

77
Q

the 6th most common cancer in the U. S.

A

cutaneous malignant melanoma

78
Q

represent 7 to 20% of all head/neck cutaneous melanomas

A

auricular melanomas

79
Q

ancer of connective tissue

A

rhabdomyosarcoma

80
Q

most common soft tissue childhood tumor

A

rhabdomyosarcoma

81
Q

melanoma =

A

moles

82
Q

can be cancer of the muscles

A

sarcomas

83
Q

signs and symtpoms of rhabdomyosarcoma

A

otalgia (pain), otorrhea (drainage), bleeding and bone destruction

84
Q
A

AUDE 5410 Aud-Vestib Disorders (18 decks)

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