Biology 1.1 Chromosome and DNA Replication Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
1
Q

What are the four marcomolecules?

A

Proteins
Carbohydrates
Nucleic Acids
Lipids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are each nucleotide composed of?

A

Sugar, phosphate, nitrogenous base

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the differences between RNA and DNA?

A

Structure:
- RNA Single stranded helix
- DNA Double stranded helix
Bases:
- RNA Uracil
- DNA Thymine
Sugars:
- RNA Ribose
- DNA Deoxyribose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes

A

Simple prokaryotes have one, circular chromosome.
Complex eukaryotes have many, linear chromosome.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Prokaryotic Chromosome

A

The chromosome attaches to the cell membrane, as prokaryotes don’t have a nucleus. Prokaryotes may also carry other small, circular pieces of DNA called plasmids.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Eukaryotic Chromosome

A

Eukaryotic cells contain much more DNA than prokaryotes. They are many and linear. This is achieved by wrapping DNA molecules around proteins called histones. Chromosomes are only visible as discrete units when they are condensed during cell divison.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What happens before DNA Replication begins?

A

Before a cell divides, the DNA must be copied so that each new cell receives its own chromosome (prokaryotes) or set of chromosomes (eukaryotes).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What does Topoisomerase do?

A

Unwinds DNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What does Helicase do?

A

Separates DNA Strands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What does the single strand binding proteins?

A

Keep strands from zipping back up

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What does primase do?

A

Makes RNA primer to singal a starting point for replication

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What does DNA Polymerase do?

A

Synthesis new DNA strands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What does ligase do?

A

Ligates newly synthesised DNA strands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Step 1 for Semi-conservative DNA Replication

A

The double helix unwinds (topoisomerase) and unzips (helicase) to separate strands and expose the nucleotide bases.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Step 2 for Semi-conservative DNA Replication

A

DNA polymerase synthesises a new strand of DNA, using free DNA nucleotides that will complementary base pair to both template strands from the original DNA molecule.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Step 3 of Semi-conservative DNA Replication

A

DNA Ligase joins the sugar-phosphate backbone together.

17
Q

Why is DNA Replication semi conservative?

A

Half the molecule is from the orignial DNA molecule. Half the molecule is newly synthesised from free nucleotides.