chapter 14 Flashcards
what is the general formula for alcohols?
CnH2n+1OH
how do you name alcohols?
propan-1-ol
ethane-1,2-diol
what is a primary alcohol?
OH carbon is only joined to 1 other carbon (joined to 2 other H atoms)
what is a secondary alcohol?
OH carbon is only joined to 2 other carbons (joined to only 1 H atom)
what is a tertiary alcohol?
OH carbon is joined to 3 other carbons (not joined to any H atoms)
what are the physical properties of alcohols?
boiling point increases as chain increases (more London forces)
higher boiling point than alkane with same number of C atoms
less volatile than alkanes
why do alcohols have a higher boiling point than alkane with same number of C atoms?
alcohols can do hydrogen bonding so bonds are stronger
what are alcohols like in water?
great solubility as OH group forms hydrogen bond with water
solubility decreases as carbon chain gets longer (non-polar hydrocarbon chain does not form H bond with water)
what can oxidation of alcohols form?
aldehyde
carboxylic acid
ketone
how do you form an aldehyde by oxidation of an alcohol?
gentle heating
with distillation
how do you form a carboxylic acid by oxidation of an alcohol?
high temperature under reflux
excess acidified
what is the functional group of an aldehyde?
C=O H
what is the functional group of a ketone?
C=O
how do you make haloalkenes?
substitution
(+ hydrogenhalide)
how do you make an alkene from an alcohol?
dehydration
H2S04 catalyst
