the nervous and endocrine system

Question 1

what is the nervous system?

Answer 1

• network of cells that is the internal primary communication system
• elecrtical and chemical signals transferred
• collect process and respond to info in the environment
• coordinate diff organs and cells in the body
• central and peripheral nervous system

Question 2

What is the central nervous system?

Answer 2

• made up of brain and the spinal cord
• brain: cereberal cortex is 3mm, covers the brain
• the brain allows higher mental functions
• the spinal cord: passes messages to and from the brain, connects nerves to the PNS, responsible for reflex actions

Question 3

What is the peripheral nervous system?

Answer 3

• transmits messages through neurons to and from the CNS
• Autonomic nervous system: governs all vital functions
• somatic nervous system: governs muscle movement and receives info from sensory receptors

Question 4

What is the endocrine system?

Answer 4

• controls vital functions in the body using glands that produce hormones
• hormones affect more than one cell in more than one organ
• key hormones in system is pituitary gland in the brain and controls release of all the other hormones in the body

Question 5

What does the thyroid gland do?

Answer 5

• produces the hormone thyroxine
• affects cells in the heart
• affects cells in the body that affect metabolic rates that affect growth rates

Question 6

Endocrine and ANS working together: fight or flight

Answer 6

• when stressors received hypothalamus activates pituitary gland
• triggers sympathetic branch of ans
• changes to physiologically aroused sympathetic state

Question 7

What does adrenaline do?

Answer 7

• stress hormone released from adrenal medulla
• triggers physiological changes necessary for fight or flight

Question 8

What is parasympathetic action?

Answer 8

• once the threat has passed, this returns the body to its resting state
• reduces the activities in the body that were increased by the sympathetic branch of the ANS

Question 9

Biological changes: sympathetic state

Answer 9

• increased HR
• increased BR
• pupils dilate
• inhibits digestion
• inhibits saliva production
• contracts rectum

Question 10

Biological changes: parasympathetic state

Answer 10

• decreases HR
• decreases BR
• constricts pupils
• stimulates digestion
  -stimulates saliva production
• relaxes rectum