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Industrial Waste Management and Control > Lesson 2: Wastewater Management > Flashcards

Lesson 2: Wastewater Management Flashcards

1
Q

Class AA (Freshwater)

A

Public Water Supply Class I

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2
Q

Class A (Freshwater)

A

Public Water Supply Class II

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3
Q

Class B (Freshwater)

A

Recreational Water Class I

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4
Q

Class C (Freshwater)

A

Fishery Water, Recreational Water Class II, For agriculture, irrigation, livestock watering

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5
Q

Class D (Fishwater)

A

Navigable waters

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6
Q

Class SA (Marine Water)

A

Protected Waters, Fishery Water Class I

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7
Q

Class SB (Marine Water)

A

Fishery Water Class II, Tourist Zones, Recreational Water Class I

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8
Q

Class SC (Marine Water)

A

Fishery Water Class III, Tourist Zones, Recreational Water Class II, Marshy and mangrove areas

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9
Q

Class SD (Marine Water)

A

Navigable waters

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10
Q

What are the primary paramaters for water testing?

A

BOD, Chloride, Color, DO, Fecal Coliform, Nitrate as NO3-N, pH, Phosphate, Temperature, Total Suspended Solids

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11
Q

What are the secondary paramaters (inorganics) for water testing?

A

Ammonia as NH3-N, Boron, Fluoride, Selenium, Sulfate

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12
Q

What are the secondary paramaters (metals) for water testing?

A

As, Ba, Cd, Cr hex, Cu as dissolved Cu, Fe, Pb, Mn,Hg, Ni, Zn

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13
Q

For gorundwater testing parameters, what parameters are not adopted from WQG from freshwater?

A

BOD, DO, TSS

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14
Q

What does NDA mean?

A

No Discharge Allowed

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15
Q

It is the wastewater discharged from residences and from commercial, institutional, and
public facilities.

A

Domestic Wastewater

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16
Q

Domestic wastewater is also known as ______________.

A

sanitary wastewater

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17
Q

the wastewater where industrial wastes predominate.

A

Industrial Wastewater

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18
Q

Water that enters the collection system through indirect and direct means.

A

Infiltration/Inflow

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19
Q

extraneous water that enters the collection system through leaking joints,
cracks, and breaks.

A

Infiltration

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20
Q

stormwater that enters the collection system from storm drain connections (catch
basins, roof leaders, foundation and basement drains, or through access port (manhole
covers).

A

Inflow

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21
Q

It is the runoff from rainfall and snowmelt.

A

Stormwater

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22
Q

What are the 4 sources of wastewater?

A

Domestic, Industrial, Infiltration/Inflow, Stormwater

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23
Q

What are the 4 physical characteristics of wastewater?

A

Odor, Color/Appearance, Temperature, Weight

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24
Q

Fresh, aerobic, domestic wastewater has the odor of _________ or ______________.

A

kerosene, freshly turned earth

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25
Q

Aged-septic sewage has a rotten-egg odor because of ____________ and ___________. It is generally more offensive to the olfactory nerves.

A

hydrogen sulfide, mercaptans

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26
Q

Fresh sewage is ________ in color.

A

gray

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27
Q

Septic sewage is ________ in color.

A

black

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28
Q

The temperature of wastewater normally ranges between ____ and ____˚C.

A

10 and 20

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29
Q

Its temperature is _______ than that of the water supply because of the addition of warm water from households and heating within the plumbing system of the structure.

A

higher

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30
Q

One cubic meter of wastewater may weigh approximately ____________ grams, in which may contain about _____ grams of solids.

A

1 million, 500

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31
Q

_________ of the solids will be dissolved solids such as calcium, sodium, and soluble organic compounds.

A

one half

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32
Q

What are the 4 chemical characteristics of wastewater?

A

BOD5, COD, TKN, Total Phosphorus,

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33
Q

the amount of oxygen consumed by microorganisms while
decomposing organic matter under aerobic conditions at a specified
temperature.

A

BOD5

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34
Q

BOD5 is measured in a water sample during __ days of incubation at __˚C.

A

5, 20

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35
Q

the amount of oxygen equivalent of the organic matter that can be
oxidized by a strong chemical oxidizing agent (potassium dichromate) in an acid medium.

A

COD

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36
Q

In general, the COD of a waste will be ______ than BOD because more
compounds can be oxidized chemically than can be oxidized biologically,
and because BOD5 does not equal ultimate BOD.

A

greater

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37
Q

the measure of the total organic and ammonia nitrogen in wastewater.

A

Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen (TKN)

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38
Q

a measure of the availability of nitrogen for building cells, and the
potential nitrogenous oxygen demand that will have to be satisfied to meet discharge standards that protect receiving bodies of water.

A

Total Kjeldhal Nitrogen (TKN)

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39
Q

These are the forms of phosphorus in wastewater.

A

Total Phosphorus

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40
Q

These include orthophosphates, polyphosphates, and organic phosphate.

A

Total Phosphorus

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41
Q

What is the pH range for untreated domestic wastewater?

A

6.5 to 8.5

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42
Q

What are the 4 types of contaminated streams?

A

Accidentally contaminated, Clean rainwater, Continuously contaminated, Sanitary wastewater

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43
Q

These are streams that are unintentionally contaminated due to unplanned activities such
as chemical leaks, spills, or other accidents that involve hazardous materials.

A

Accidentally contaminated

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44
Q

This is often sudden and may cause severe environmental problems.

A

Accidentally contaminated

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45
Q

It may still be contaminated as it flows over different surfaces such as rooftops, fields, and
roads, contaminating it with pollutants such as oils, sediments, heavy metals, or bacteria.

A

Clean rainwater

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46
Q

It may carry pollutants and degrade the water quality of bodies of water.

A

Clean rainwater

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47
Q

These streams receive wastes from agricultural activities, stormwater, or industrial
discharge.

A

Continuously contaminated

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48
Q

This originates from domestic sources such as sinks, toilets, and showers.

A

Sanitary wastewater

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49
Q

This includes organic matter, pathogens, nutrients, and chemicals from household
activities.

A

Sanitary wastewater

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50
Q

What are the 3 types of water collection systems?

A

Sanitary wastewater collection systems, Combined wastewater and stormwater collection systems, Stormwater collection systems

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51
Q

Wastewater flow is composed of domestic wastewater, industrial wastewater, and
infiltration/inflow.

A

Sanitary wastewater collection systems

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52
Q

Wastewater flow is composed of domestic wastewater, industrial wastewater, and
infiltration/inflow, together with stormwater and constituents found in stormwater.

A

Combined wastewater and stormwater collection systems

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53
Q

Varying amounts of wastewater may be present in the stormwater, depending on local
conditions.

A

Stormwater collection systems

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54
Q

What are the characteristics of wastewater in cement industry?

A

SS, Temperature, Some inorganic salts, High turbidity

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55
Q

What are the characteristics of wastewater in glass industry?

A

Suspended Solids,

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56
Q

What are the characteristics of wastewater in sugar and starch industry?

A

Organic Matter, High BOD, High COD, Variable pH, Color and Odor

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57
Q

What are the characteristics of wastewater in food and beverage industry?

A

Organic Matter, High BOD, High COD, Variable pH, Color and Odor

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58
Q

What are the characteristics of wastewater in fermentation industry?

A

Organic Matter, High BOD, High COD, Nutrient content, Temprature

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59
Q

What are the characteristics of wastewater in pulp and paper industry?

A

Organic Matter, High BOD, High COD, Chlorinated compounds

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60
Q

What are the characteristics of wastewater in petrochemical industry?

A

Organic Matter, Hydrocarbons, Toxic substances

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61
Q

What are the characteristics of wastewater in phamaceutical industry?

A

Organic Matter, Pharmaceutical residues, Toxic substances, Suspended solids

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62
Q

any type of industrial, municipal, or agricultural waste (including heat) discharged into
water.

A

Pollutant

63
Q

Pollutant is defined in ____________.

A

CWA Section 502(6)

64
Q

For regulatory purposes, pollutants are grouped into three categories under the NPDES program: _____, ____, and _______.

A

Convetional, Toxic, Non-conventional

65
Q

NPDES

A

National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System

66
Q

are a group of water pollutants that municipal sewage treatment facilities are able to treat and remove.

A

Conventional

67
Q

The following are formally
designated as conventional pollutants:

A

BOD5, TSS, pH, Fecal Coliform, Oil and Grease

68
Q

While publicly owned treatment works (POTWs) and sewage treatment plants are
able to remove conventional pollutants from water, most are not able to remove this type of pollutant.

A

Toxic pollutant

69
Q

What are the examples of toxic pollutants?

A

Metals, Volatiles, Dioxins, Pesticides

70
Q

Other water pollutants that aren’t conventional, toxic or priority are grouped as?

A

Non-conventional

71
Q

What are the examples of non-conventional pollutants?

A

Chlorine, Ammonia, Nitrogen and Phosphorus, COD

72
Q

It is the amount of particulate matter, that is not soluble nor settleable, in a sample
of water that can be trapped by a 0.45 µm filter and can increase the turbidity in water body?

A

TSS

73
Q

TSS/BOD5 =

A

0.7 - 1.7

74
Q

VSS/TSS =

A

0.65 - 0.85

75
Q

It is determined in those samples where the presence of inorganic nitrogen is relevant.

A

Total Nitrogen

76
Q

Bound nitrogen in organic matter (e.g., urea CH4N2O)

A

Organic Nitrogen

77
Q

it is used for the quantitative determination of organic nitrogen plus ammonia (NH3),
and ammonium (NH4+) in the chemical analysis of a compound

A

Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen (TKN)

78
Q

BOD5/TKN =

A

3.0 - 7.0

79
Q

Comes from fertilizer in runoff from fertilized lawns, cropland, etc

A

Nitrates (NO3 - ) and Nitrites (NO2 - )

80
Q

Represents the amount of oxygen consumed by bacteria and other microorganisms to
decompose organic matter under aerobic conditions.

A

Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD)

81
Q

Obtained by taking the dissolved oxygen (DO) difference before and after incubating a diluted sample at 20⁰C for 5 days.

A

Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD)

82
Q

Amount of oxygen required to chemically oxidize compounds in water.

A

Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD)

83
Q

The COD is often measured using a strong oxidant such as _______ or _______).

A

Potassium dichromate, Potassium permanganate

84
Q

Results of COD available in _____ to ____ hours.

A

2, 3

85
Q

Obtained by taking the difference between amount of oxidant added and the amount
unused (titration).

A

Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD)

86
Q

represents the total amount of carbon found in organic compounds in water. It is a sum measure of all organic carbon, both oxidizable and non-oxidizable.

A

Total Organic Carbon (TOC)

87
Q

the measure of the concentration of organic carbon in a substance and is
considered to be the best indicator of contamination, or purity, of a substance.

A

Total Organic Carbon (TOC)

88
Q

These are the compounds within TOC that cannot be oxidized chemically and therefore do not contribute to COD.

A

Not Oxidizable

89
Q

This represents the portion of COD that cannot be broken down biologically and
hence is not a part of BOD.

A

Not Biologically Degradable

90
Q

This is the part of BOD that is more resistant to biological degradation and takes a
longer time to break down.

A

Hard BOD

91
Q

This refers to the easily biodegradable part of BOD, which bacteria can quickly decompose.

A

Soft BOD

92
Q

COD/BOD5 =

A

1.8 - 3.0

93
Q

Also referred to as thermotolerant coliform bacteria.

A

Coliforms

94
Q

Causes excess algae growth in rivers and streams.

A

Phosphates

95
Q

Can coat animals and plants suffocating them by oxygen depletion and can clog pipelines and sewers .

A

Fats, Oil, Grease (FOG)

96
Q

What are the preliminary treatment stages of wastewater?

A

Screening, Grit Removal

97
Q

__________ treatment prepares the wastewater for further treatment. It is used to remove oily scum, floating debris, and grit, which may inhibit biological processes and/or
damage mechanical equipment.

A

Preliminary

98
Q

The wastewater passes through screens or grates to remove large objects like sticks, rags, plastic, and other debris.

A

Screening

99
Q

After screening, the wastewater flows through grit chambers where heavy
materials like sand, gravel, and other small particles settle out.

A

Grit Removal

100
Q

Grit is primarily removed to prevent _________ of piping and mechanical
equipment during grit removal, some organic materials are removed along with the grit.

A

abrasion

101
Q

What are the primary treatment stages for wastewater?

A

Sedimentation, Skimming

102
Q

The wastewater flows into primary settling tanks where gravity allows
suspended solids (organic and inorganic) to settle to the bottom as sludge, and fats, oils, and
grease to rise to the surface as scum.

A

Sedimentation

103
Q

Settling tanks, also referred to as _______ or ________, can be either
rectangular or circular.

A

Sedimentation tanks, clarifiers

104
Q

Primary treatment removes about __ percent of the suspended solids (TSS), __ percent of the BOD, and __ percent of the phosphorus (P).

A

60, 30, 20

105
Q

Scum is removed from the surface of the settling tanks using mechanical
skimmers.

A

Skimming

106
Q

______ are devices used to remove floating materials, such as oils, grease, scum, and debris, from the surface of water bodies, such as wastewater treatment tanks, ponds, and lagoons. These typically consist of a floating mechanism or a surface-mounted device that mechanically collects floating materials and directs them to a collection point for
removal.

A

Skimmers

107
Q

The seondary treatment of wastewater is also known as ______ treatment.

A

Biological

108
Q

What are the two basic approaches to biological treatment?

A

Activated Sludge Process, Trickling Filters

109
Q

In this process, process, wastewater is aerated in aeration tanks, providing
oxygen for aerobic microorganisms to metabolize organic pollutants.

A

Activated Sludge Process

110
Q

are biological treatment units that consist of a bed of inert media
(such as rocks or plastic) over which wastewater trickles.

A

Trickling Filter

111
Q

What are the tertiary treatment of wastewater?

A

Filtration, Disinfection,

112
Q

This aims at removing remaining suspended solids, fine particles, and residual organic matter from the effluent.

A

Filtration

113
Q

This is the final step before flow measurement and discharge to the receiving water.
Its purpose is to ensure removal of pathogenic organisms – addition of liquid sodium
hypochlorite, chlorine dioxide, or chlorine gas; on-site hypochlorite generation; ozonation;
or exposure to ultraviolet light.

A

Disinfection

114
Q

What are some advanced treatments for wastewater?

A

Membrane filtration, Reverse osmosis, AC Adsorption

115
Q

Three characteristics of sludge which makes it difficult to dispose

A

Unpleasing odor, Potentially harmful due to pathogens, Contains too much water

116
Q

is a treatment process that reduces the biological activity and
pathogenicity of sewage sludge, making it safer for disposal or beneficial reuse.

A

Sludge stabilization

117
Q

Sludge is thickened using gravity or mechanical means to remove water, reducing its volume.

A

Thickening

118
Q

Sludge is treated in anaerobic digesters where bacteria break down organic matter,
producing methane gas and further reducing the volume of sludge.

A

Digestion

119
Q

After stabilization, solids are typically dewatered before disposal.

A

Dewatering

120
Q

are the treated and stabilized organic solids derived from sewage sludge,
commonly used in agriculture, landscaping, or energy recovery.

A

Biosolids

121
Q

In wastewater treatment, a _______ serves as a temporary storage facility for untreated
wastewater before it undergoes further treatment processes.

A

holding tank

122
Q

Holding tanks may be located at the ________ pumping station.

A

influent

123
Q

Possible Locations of Holding Tanks

A

Influent pumping station, Preliminary treatment stage, Secondary treatment stage, Tertiary treatment stage, Emergency Overflow

124
Q

a device with openings, generally of uniform size, that is used to retain
large solids found in the influent wastewater to the treatment plant or in combined wastewater collection systems subject to overflows.

A

Screen

125
Q

are sometimes used in place of or following coarse screens where
greater removals of solids are required.

A

Fine screens

126
Q

A screen composed of parallel bars or rods is often called a ___________.

A

Bar rack

127
Q

Screens with > 6 mm

A

Coarse

128
Q

Screens with 0.5 mm to 6 mm

A

Fine

129
Q

Screens with < 0.5 mm

A

Micro

130
Q

Methods to reduce solid

A

Macerators, Comminutors, Grinder

131
Q

______ in wastewater consists of sand, gravel, cinders, or other heavy solid materials that have subsiding velocities or specific gravities substantially greater than those of the
organic putrescible solids in wastewater.

A

Grit

132
Q

are slow-speed grinders that typically consist of two sets of
counterrotating assemblies with blades.

A

Macerators

133
Q

Solids reduction that are used most commonly in small wastewater treatment plants

A

Comminutors

134
Q

Three steps of grit removal

A

Grit separation, Grit washing, Grit dewatering

135
Q

Used to separate solid or liquid particles from a liquid phase. Separation is brought about by introducing fine gas (usually air) bubbles into the liquid phase.

A

Flotation

136
Q

injection of air while liquid is under pressure, then pressure is released

A

Dissolved air flotation

137
Q

aeration at atmospheric pressure

A

Dispersed air flotation

138
Q

Types of Biological Processes for Wastewater treatment

A

Suspended growth processes, Attached growth processes

139
Q

In this biological process, wastewater is aerated in aeration tanks, providing
oxygen for aerobic microorganisms to metabolize organic pollutants.

A

Suspended growth process

140
Q

MLSS

A

Mixed liquor suspended solids

141
Q

MLVSS

A

Mixed liquor volatile suspended solids

142
Q

In this biological process, it entails the attachment of microorganisms to inert packing materials, forming a biofilm.

A

Attached growth

143
Q

Two Types of Aeration Systems

A

Diffused Air Aeration, Mechanical Aerators

144
Q

Types of Filtration

A

Granular, Membrane

145
Q

In filtration, The typical BOD is approximately __ to __ mg/L.

A

20, 50

146
Q

The addition of a disinfectant to the treated wastewater.

A

Disinfection

147
Q

The addition of _____ gas or some other form of _______ is the process most commonly used for wastewater disinfection in the United States.

A

chlorine

148
Q

involves the destabilization of colloidal particles
in wastewater, leading to the formation of larger particles through
perikinetic flocculation.

A

Chemical coagulation

149
Q

chemicals added to destabilize particles

A

Coagulants

150
Q

typically organic polymers, enhance the flocculation process, aiding in filtration and dewatering of biosolids.

A

Flocculants

151
Q

the process where particle size increases due to
collisions, aided by thermal motion (microflocculation) or induced
velocity gradients and mixing (macroflocculation).

A

Flocculation

152
Q

the process of removing excess acidity or alkalinity by
treating with a chemical of the opposite composition.

A

Neutralization

153
Q

necessary for nanofiltration and reverse osmosis to
prevent scale formation, while chemical stabilization helps control
corrosion in highly treated wastewaters.

A

Scaling control

Industrial Waste Management and Control (2 decks)

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