clinical use and adverse effects

Question 1

Penicillins is still the antibiotic of choice for for many diseases such as…

Answer 1

streptococcal and anaerobic infections

Question 2

SMALL ANIMALS
____________ can be indicated in the treatment of bacterial respiratory diseases from the the gram positive or anaerobes and are recommended , in combination of fluoroquinolone as first line cases of pneumonia with evidence of sepsis and combined with therapeutic lavage for the treatment of pyothorax

Answer 2

Penicillin

Question 3

Ruminants

The IMM formulation of penicillin G is labelled for treatment and prevention of what in dry cows ?

The IMM product containing only penicillin G is targeting what bacteria ?

Answer 3

1.mastitis

2. Streptococcus agalactiae

Question 3

Beta lactam that intramammary infusions are used for the treatment of mastitis in dairy (lactating and dry) cows fro streptococcus agalactiae or staphylococcus aureus.

which beta lactam are we describing ?

Answer 3

Antistaphylococcal penicillins
in particular cloxacillin

Question 3

What happens when procaine penicillin G products are administered accidentally IV ?

This drug should be refrigerated and given carefully by IM injection.

Answer 3

central nervous system stimulations

Question 4

Penicillin is associated with hypersensitivity reactions such as:

Answer 4

hypersensitivity type 1: Anaphylaxis

hypersensitivity type 2: Autoimmune hemolytic anemia

hypersensitivity type 3 : vasculitis

Question 5

Penicillin IV formulations can contribute to ________________ associated with congestive heart failure and renal impairment in small animals.

Question 5

K penicillin G should be administered in a slow IV. injection otherwise what could occur?

Answer 5

Fast IV leads to Cardiac Arrhythmias

Question 5

Penicillin can cause GI upset in all species but Clostridial intestinal overgrowth in __________, __________ and ___________ is often fatal.

you could say they fit in your pocket…

Answer 5

guinea pigs, rabbits and hamsters

Question 6

________ and _________ are suggested as a “first line” antimicrobial to treat urinary tract, bacterial respiratory diseases in SMALL ANIMALS.

Answer 6

Amoxicillin and ampicillin

both Aminopenicillins

Question 6

___________ alone is recommended for sporadic cystitis ( formerly referred to as uncomplicated urinary tract infection (UTI
)) in SMALL ANIMALS

Answer 6

Amoxicillin

Question 7

Aminopenicillins adverse effects

Answer 7

same as Penicillin G

Question 7

Antipseudomonal penicillins (extended spectrum penicillins)

Answer 7

use should be avoided in veterinary medicine

Question 7

Leptospira and Fusobacterium necrophorum are commonly susceptible to which beta lactam antibiotic ?

Answer 7

Penicillin

ex. penicillin G

Question 7

Cephalosporins adverse effects
(Only gonna mention the one highlighted in handout)

Answer 7

gastrointestinal upset:

dogs and cats may vomit or have diarrhea from the administration of oral cephalosporins.

This could be minimized by administering drug along with food

Question 7

Nephrotoxicity is an adverse effect of sulfonamides.
knowing this to what patient you wouldn’t give sulfonamides ?

Answer 7

dehydrated patients with acidic urine

Question 8

First generation of cephalosporins are effective alternatives to penicillin in the treatment of ___________ and ___________

Answer 8

staphylococcal and streptococcal infections

Question 8

Ampicillin trihydrate can be used of the management of _____________

Answer 8

bacterial pneumonia

Question 8

Hetacillin and amoxicillin IMM infusion are indicated for the treatment of mastitis in lactating dairy cattle with activity against ____________________, __________________ and eventually _________________.

Answer 8

Streptococcus agalactiae
nonpenicillase- producing staphylococci
eventually E. coli

Question 8

cephapirin is indicated for the treatment of mastitis in lactating and dry dairy cattle with the proven efficacy against ________, _________,

Answer 8

streptococcus agalactiae and staphylococcus aureus including penicillin resistant strains

Question 8

The potentiated sulfonamides are noted for their widely varying adverse effects specially on which species ?

Answer 8

DOGS

Question 9

Cephalosporins 2nd gen are effective against bateriodes fragilis.

True or False

Answer 9

TRUE

Question 10

sulfonamides injection reactions:
IM of these drugs is avoided for what reason?

Answer 10

tissue irritation

Question 11

Sulfonamides injection reactions:
slow IV administration of these drugs and monitoring needs to occur or else what could happen ?

related to rapid administration IV …

Answer 11

thrombophlebitis and anaphylaxis

Question 12

sulfonamides cardiotoxicity in horses:

Concurrent use of potentiated sulfonamides with detomidine in horses is contraindicated due to the cause of __________ and _________, which maybe fatal.

Answer 12

hypotension and cardiac dysrhythmias

Question 13

what type of hypersensitivity can we see in dogs that are given sulfonamides ?

Answer 13

idiosyncratic sulfonamide toxicosis

Question 14

Why is the use of TMP/sulfas limited in dogs ?
What adverse effect could we see related to the eyes ?

Answer 14

Keratoconjunctivitis sicca

,which maybe or may not be reversible depending on animal age and duration of exposure.

Question 15

sulfonamides: blood dyscrasia

Hint: Horses with a protozoal problem

Answer 15

non-regenerative anemia because of long administration of potentiated sulfonamides in treatment of Equine Protozoal Myeloencephalitis (EPM)

Question 16

sulfonamides: haemorrhagic syndrome

this has been seen in dogs and chickens treated for coccidiosis using sulfaquinoxaline for what reason ?

Hint: Antagonist to what ?

Answer 16

Vitamin K antagonist

Question 17

A PREGNANT mare is being treated with PYR and sulfonamides. What adverse effect may this drug have ?

Answer 17

Congenital defects