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HEALTH ASSESSMENT > ANTERIOR LUNGS > Flashcards

ANTERIOR LUNGS Flashcards

1
Q

Both bronchi are at an oblique position in the mediastinum and enter the lungs at

A

Hilum

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2
Q

The r bronchus is —– and —– than left bronchus

A

Shorter more vertical easy to aspirate

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3
Q

“dead space”

A

Bronchi and trachea

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4
Q

Dead space meaning

A

Air is transported but no gas exchange

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5
Q

the bronchioles terminate at the —- and air is channeled into the ——-

A

Alveolar ducts , sacs

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6
Q

contain a number of
alveoli in a cluster formation (resembling grapes), creating millions of interalveolar walls
that increase the surface area available for gas exchange.

A

Alveolarsacs

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7
Q

two cone-shaped, elastic structures suspended within the thoracic cavity.

A

Lungs

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8
Q

The — of each lungs extends slightly above —

A

apex- clavicle

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9
Q

anterior surface of the thorax, the
lung extends —–
Laterally, lung tissue reaches the level of the
—–
posteriorly, the lung base lies at about the —–

A

6, 8, 10

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10
Q

Lungs are divided by

A

Fissure

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11
Q

The thoracic cavity is lined by a thin, double-layered serous membrane referred to as

A

pleura

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12
Q

lies between the two pleural layers. In
the healthy adult, the lubricating serous fluid between the layers allows movement of the
visceral layer over the parietal layer during ventilation without friction.

A

Pleural space

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13
Q

Severe dehydration is pleural space = 3

A

Friction rub, increased lung sound, reduce volume of pleural fluid

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14
Q

respiration assists in the
rapid compensation for

A

Metabolic acid base defects

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15
Q

mechanical act of breathing and is
accomplished by expansion of the chest, both vertically and horizontally.

A

External respiration, or ventilation

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16
Q

ELEVATION OF RIBS

A

HORIZONTAL EXPANSION

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17
Q

CONTRACTION OF DIAPHRAGM

A

VERTICAL EXPANSION

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18
Q

Such involuntary control of respiration is the work of the

A

MEDULLA AND PONS

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19
Q

also play a role in involuntary control of respiration in response to emotional changes, such
as fear or excitement.

A

hypothalamus and the sympathetic nervous

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20
Q

changes in oxygen or carbon dioxide levels in the blood, or
changes in the hydrogen ion (pH) level cause changes in breathing patterns.

A

Hormonal regulation

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21
Q

the strongest stimulus to breathe is an increase in carbon dioxide level in the
blood

A

Hypercapnia

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22
Q

A decrease in oxygen

A

Hypoxemia

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23
Q

5As

A

(Ask, Advise, Assess, Assist,
Arrange)

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24
Q

COLDSPA IN LUNGS REVIEW IN BOOK PLEASE

A
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25
Q

sharp,
stabbing pain that
increases with deep
breathing.

A

PLEURISY Inflammation of pleural

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26
Q

burning sensation
with a cough may
be seen in

A

tracheobronchitis

27
Q

squeezing or
burning, a sharp or
tight feeling in the
chest as if
something is stuck
in the throat.

A

Esophageal pain

28
Q

Pain in lungs due to acid reflux

A

Esophagitis

29
Q

Chest pain
associated with
pleuritis may be
absent in

A

Older patient

30
Q

Coughs
late in the evening
may be the result of ——.
Coughs occurring at
night are often
related to —-

A

Irritas , postnasal drip/ sinusitis

31
Q

Brown or
black sputum
indicates blood in
the sputum

A

(hemoptysis)

32
Q

Pink,
frothy sputum may
be indicative of

A

Pulmonary edema

33
Q

causes
the airways to constrict after the air is in the lungs, making exhaling the air from the lung

A

COPD INFLAMMATION

34
Q

PLEASE READ TABLES IN LUNG ESPECIALLY THE EXAMPLE

A
35
Q

Complete examination of the thorax and lungs 4

A

INSPECTION, PALPATION, PERCUSSION ASCULTATION

36
Q

seen with
labored respirations
(especially in small children)
and is indicative of hypoxia.

A

Nasal flaring

37
Q

Nasal flaring whT Preventive measure?

A

Pursed lip breathing

38
Q

Ruddy to purple complexion
may be seen in clients with
COPD or CHF as a result of 2

A

polycythemia. Cyanosis

39
Q

Spinous processes appear
straight, and thorax appears
symmetric, with ribs sloping
downward at —- degree

A

-45 d

40
Q

Tender or painful areas may
indicate

A

inflamed fibrous
connective tissue.

41
Q
A
42
Q

Pain over
the intercostal spaces may
be from

A

Pleura

43
Q

can be palpated if
air escapes from the lung or
other airways into the
subcutaneous tissue, as
occurs after an open
thoracic injury, around a
chest tube, or tracheostomy

A

Crepitus

44
Q

is elicited
in cases of trapped air, such
as in emphysema or
pneumothorax.

A

Hyperresonance

45
Q

Unequal chest expansion
can occur with severe

A

atelectasis

46
Q

Excursion should be equal
bilaterally and measure

A

3-5cm

47
Q

present when
fluid or solid tissue replaces
air in the lung or occupies
the pleural space, such as in
lobar pneumonia, pleural
effusion, or tumor.

A

dullness

48
Q

In well-conditioned clients,
excursion can measure up to

A

7-8cm

49
Q

trachea in center, dull sound in affected lobe.

A

Consolidation

50
Q

an increased
curve of the thoracic spine)
is common in older clients

A

Kyphosis

51
Q

—–is the percussion
tone elicited over normal lung
tissue. Percussion elicits—–over the scapula

A

Resonance, flat tones

52
Q

is a
markedly sunken sternum
and adjacent cartilages
(often referred to as funnel
chest).

A

Pectus excavatum

53
Q

Ribs slope downward with
symmetric intercostal spaces.
Costal angle is within —d

A

90d

54
Q

trachea shifts to other (contralateral) side; breath sounds absent
on affected side.

A

Pneumothorax

55
Q

trachea shifts to affected (ipsilateral) side; decreased lung size, decreased breath sounds

A

Obstructive atelectasis

56
Q

PLEASE MEMORIZE LUNG SOUND TABLE

A

CRACKLES MURMUR

57
Q

Thorax has depression in lower
sternum and is seen with
congenital conditions that can
cause murmurs or compress the
heart and vessels.

A

PECTUS EXCAVATUM
(FUNNEL CHEST)

58
Q

Sternum protrudes forward.
Congenital.
Increased
AP
diameter.

A

PECTUS CARINATUM
(PIGEON CHEST)

59
Q

enlarged (barrel) chest, prolonged breath sounds, hyperresonance (echo),
trachea in center

A

Emphysema

60
Q

Lateral S-shaped curve of the
spine

A

SCOLIOSIS

61
Q

Exaggerated increased rounding
of the thoracic spine, often seen
with osteoporosis in older
women.

A

KYPHOSIS

62
Q

Thorax is round shaped. The AP
diameter to lateral diameter
ratio is 1:1. This is seen in aging
adults, COPD, and chronic
asthma.

A

BARREL CHEST

63
Q

Such
athletes
(including
swimmers)
often
have
a
forward-translated
head,
pronounced thoracic kyphosis,
lumbar lordosis, and internally
rotated shoulders

A

OVERHEAD POSITION

HEALTH ASSESSMENT (8 decks)

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