ECM 1413 IPv6

Question 1

Internet of Things (IoT)

Answer 1

Network of physical objects - “things” - for connecting and exchanging data over the internet

Question 2

IPv4 exhaustion

Answer 2

• ARIN’s (American Registry for Internet Numbers) free pool of IPv4 address space was depleted on september 2015
• RIPE NCC (Réseaux IP Européens Network Coordination Centre) announced running of IPv4 addresses on November 2019
• LCNIC have their last available IPv4 address block reserved on August 2020

Question 3

Conserving IP addresses

Answer 3

• CIDR - classless addressing
• Public and private Ips
• Network Address Translation (NAT)

The host’s ip changes according to the NAT at the router, allowing it to communicate with the server

Question 4

IPv6 Features

Answer 4

• Large address space
• Simplified header
• Built-in security
• Jumbograms

Question 5

How large is an IPv6 address

Answer 5

IPv6 addresses consist of 128 bits, meaning that the IPv6 address space allows for approximately 250 addresses for every star in the known universe. It can represent 2^128 addresses

Question 6

IPv6 address abbreviation

Answer 6

Discard leading 0s
Shrink down to a single 0
Double Colon (::) for Consecutive :0:s - Done once

Question 7

IPv6 Address Structure

Answer 7

Site prefix : Subnet ID : Interface ID

Site prefix and subnet ID make up the network prefix
Interface ID, also known as the token, makes up the Host Suffix

Question 8

Site prefix

Answer 8

48 bits
allocated by an ISP or RIR

Question 9

Subnet ID

Answer 9

16 bits
the private/site topology; allocated by site admin

Question 10

Interface ID

Answer 10

automatically or manually configured

aka the token

Question 11

EUI - 64 (extended unique identifier 64)

Answer 11

a special address format that maps device hardware network addresses into IPv6 addresses

EUI-64 automatically generates a unique 64-bit interface ID

Question 12

Random and Temporary Interface Identifiers

Answer 12

EUI-64 is no longer recommended due to issues with privacy.
Instead, we use random and temporary interface identifiers

A randomly generated interface identifier is regenerated after a specified time interval.

Question 13

Jumbograms

Answer 13

IPv4/IPv6 allows for internet layer packets with a size of up to 2^16/2^32 bytes
Using jumbograms in situations where the risk of transmission failure is low can reduce communication overhead

A jumbogram is an internet-layer packet exceeding the standard maximum transmission unit (MTU) of the underlying network technology. In contrast, large packets for link-layer technologies are referred to as jumbo frames.