Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

ECCC Block 3 > BLOCK III - UNIT 3. Gastrointestinal System > Flashcards

BLOCK III - UNIT 3. Gastrointestinal System Flashcards

1
Q

What is the first section of the small intestine?

A

The duodenum

It is where most chemical digestion takes place using enzymes.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the second section of the small intestine?

A

The jejunum

It is where carbohydrates and proteins are absorbed.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the last section of the small intestine?

A

The ileum

It is where vitamin B12, bile salts, and any remaining products of digestion are absorbed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the beginning of the large intestine?

A

The cecum

Attached to the cecum is the appendix.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What functions to protect the good bacteria in the gut?

A

The appendix

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Between the cecum and the ileum is what?

A

ileocecal valve

which controls the flow from the ileum to the cecum.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

After the sigmoid colon there is another sphincter called what?

A

the rectosigmoid

It controls movement from the sigmoid colon to the rectum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

The colons function is to do what?

A

absorb water from the remaining chyme and compact feces prior to defecation.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is spongy, about six to ten inches long, and is shaped like a flat pear or a fish extended horizontally across the abdomen?

A

The Pancreas

Assists in the absorption of nutrients.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What’s bile?

A

A bitter, brownish-yellow or greenish-yellow fluid stored in the gallbladder.

Discharged into the duodenum, where it aids the process of digestion.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What Sits beneath the liver and stores and secretes bile?

A

The Gall bladder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is it called when a swishing, or washing machine like sound heard when the diaphragm of the stethoscope is placed over the spleen, renal arteries, or abdominal aorta?

A

Bruits

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

An abdominal bruit is is often indicative of what?

A

partial occlusion of a vessel

*as can be observed in renal artery stenosis or atherosclerosis of the abdominal vasculature. This is an abnormal finding.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the depth of a light palpation?

A

Light palpation is 1/2in – 3/4in

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the depth of a deep palpation?

A

Deep palpitation is 1.5 in – 2in

helpful in detecting abnormal masses.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Rebound tenderness, in which pain increases with quick release of a palpated area indicates what?

A

an inflamed peritoneum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What’s used to assist in the diagnosis of disease liver dysfunction?

A

Serum Enzymes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What can Directly or Indirectly indicate liver damage or disease?

A

Bilirubin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Higher than normal levels of direct bilirubin in the blood may indicate what?

A

the liver isn’t filtering bilirubin properly.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Elevated levels of indirect bilirubin may indicate what?

A

different types of liver or bile duct problems.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Occasionally, higher bilirubin levels may be caused by what?

A

an increased rate of hemolysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Normal bilirubin levels are what ?

A

between 0.3 and 1.2 milligrams per deciliter.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What measures the total amount of protein in the blood?

A

Serum Proteins

*Also measures the amounts of two major groups of proteins in the blood: albumin, which is made mainly in the liver, and globulin.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What’s used to help diagnose and monitor pancreatitis?

A

Amylase Test

• Normal range is 60 to 180 units/mL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What’s used to measures the level of lipase in your blood or urine?

A

Lipase Test

Lipase is a protein that helps your body absorb fats. It’s used to diagnose pancreatitis and other pancreatic disorders.

26
Q

a limited bedside ultrasound examination that seeks to quickly detect free intra-abdominal and thoracic fluid and air is called?

A

• Focused Assessment Sonography in Trauma (FAST) Exam

27
Q

What may be performed to assess the abdominal area for causes of abdominal pain, or to assess the organs and structures of the urinary and/or gastrointestinal (GI) system?

A

• Kidney Ureter and Bladder (KUB) X-ray

28
Q

Lacerations in the esophagus from vomiting or gagging is called?

A

Mallory-Weiss Tears

*Can also develop from alcohol abuse

29
Q

a condition in which there are small pouches or pockets in the wall or lining of any portion of the digestive tract is called?

A

Diverticulosis

30
Q

the infection or inflammation of pouches that can form in your intestines is called?

A

Diverticulitis

31
Q

an inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) that causes inflammation and ulcers/sore in the digestive tract is called?

A

Ulcerative Colitis

32
Q

a type of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) that causes inflammation of the digestive tract, which can lead to abdominal pain, severe diarrhea, fatigue, weight loss and malnutrition is named what?

A

Crohn’s Disease

33
Q

growths that appear on the surface of the colon are called?

A

Colonic Polyps, also known as Colorectal Polyps

34
Q

The following Sx can indicate what Dx?

•Melena- Black stool
• Hematemesis- The vomiting of blood
• Accompanying symptoms may vary, but can include :
• Epigastric and diffuse abdominal pain
• Pale skin
• Shortness of breath
• Alterations of consciousness

A

GI Bleed

35
Q

What are most commonly used reduce inflammation of inflammatory bowel diseases such as Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis?

A

Steroids: e.g. Corticosteroids

36
Q

Proton pump inhibitor infusion reduces gastric acid secretion for up to?

A

36 hours

37
Q

Bleeding from varices (enlarged or swollen veins) in the esophagus that have developed over time is called?

A

Esophageal Varices

38
Q

The following Sx may indicate what Dx?

• Bleeding is sudden and severe; the patient will vomit large amounts of blood.
• Shock, from blood loss
• Black, tarry stools

A

Esophageal Varices

39
Q

What is the procedure used to treat bleeding esophageal varices and prevent future variceal bleeding?

A

Endoscopic Injection Sclerotherapy (EIS)

40
Q

What is the procedure that uses elastic bands to treat enlarged veins, or varices, in the esophagus?

A

Endoscopic Variceal Ligation (EVL)

41
Q

What is the procedure that may be used to reduce portal hypertension and it’s complications; especially variceal bleeding, by placing a small wire-mesh coil (stent) into a liver vein?

A

Trans jugular Intrahepatic Portosystemic Shunting (TIPS)

42
Q

What’s used to stop massive variceal bleeding with A tube with three ports on one end and two balloons on the other

A

Sengstaken-Blakemore Device

*one balloon goes into the stomach, the other in the esophagus. Two ports are used to inflate the balloons, the third is uses to suction fluid and air out of the stomach (see image).

43
Q

What is the condition where the pancreas becomes inflamed (swollen)over a short period of time?

A

Acute pancreatitis

44
Q

• Severe pain that develops suddenly in the center of the stomach
• Fever
• Indigestion
• Jaundice
• Tenderness or swelling of the abdomen
• Tachycardia

The Sx may indicate what Dx?

A

Acute Pancreatitis

45
Q

What is Cirrhosis?

A

Irreversible inflammatory liver disease

46
Q

A patient with Cirrhosis will be what?

A

be jaundiced, very yellow in appearance. In a lot of cases their sweat will even be yellow.

47
Q

What is the evaluation tool used to monitor for alcohol withdrawal?

A

Clinical Institute Withdrawal Assessment (CIWA)-

48
Q

What is Acute liver failure?

A

The development of severe acute liver injury with encephalopathy and impaired synthetic function (INR of ≥1.5) in a patient WITHOUT cirrhosis or preexistingliver disease.

49
Q

• Hyperbilirubinemia
• Jaundice
• Light colored stool (clay like appearance)
• Increased bleeding
• Dark Urine
• Hypoglycemia
• Ascites and edema

The Sx above indicate what Dx?

A

Acute Liver Failure

50
Q

What does vitamin K do?

A

Assist in clotting

51
Q

a reversible syndrome of impaired brain function that occurs in patients with advanced liver diseases is called?

A

Hepatic encephalopathy (HE)

52
Q

What can present with reversible metabolic encephalopathy, brain atrophy, brain edema or any combination of these conditions?

A

Hepatic Encephalopathy

*The mechanisms causing brain-dysfunction in liver failure are still unknown.

53
Q

What is Asterixis?

A

hand flapping tremor

*Sx of Hepatic Encephalopathy

54
Q

A loss of continuity of the bowel wall is called?

A

GI tract perforation also known a ruptured bowel.

55
Q

What moves food from the mouth into the stomach through peristalsis?

A

Esophagus

56
Q

Once the contents have been mixed, broken down, and partially absorbed, they are sent through what?

A

the pyloric sphincter into the duodenum.

57
Q

What is the flap of tissue that closes and seals off the trachea as food moves into the esophagus preventing aspiration?

A

The epiglottis

58
Q

What are the livers functions?

A

• Detoxification
• Protein synthesis
• Production of bile

59
Q

What are the gall bladders functions?

A

• Respond to intestinal hormones, such as cholecystokinin, to empty and refill its bile stores
• Contribute to regulating the composition of bile (the percentage of water,bile salts and more)
• Control the flow of bile into the small intestine

60
Q

Observe for pigmentation, lesions, striae, scars, petechiae, signs of dehydration and venous pattern. Some Abnormal findings are?

A

jaundice, skin lesions, and a tense glistening appearance of the skin.

ECCC Block 3 (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions