Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

0858 RAD TECH 122 > Midterm | Heart > Flashcards

Midterm | Heart Flashcards

1
Q

Main Functions of the cardiovascular system

A

Main Functions:
1. Oxygen and nutrients distribution
2. Carry cell wastes and CO2
3. Transport water, electrolytes, hormones and enzymes
4. Protect against disease
5. Prevent hemorrhage
6. Regulate blood temperature

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

COMPONENTS of the cardiovascular system

A
  1. Heart
  2. Blood
  3. Blood vessels
    ❑ Veins
    ❑ Arteries
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Length of Heart

A

12 cm (5”)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Width of Heart

A

9 cm (3.5”) at broadest

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Thickness of Heart

A

6 cm (2.5”)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Mass of Heart

A

250 g (female);
300 g (male)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

About — of the mass of the heart lies to the left of the body’s midline.

A

two-thirds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

EXTERNAL PARTS OF THE HEART

A
  1. APEX
  2. BASE
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

DISTINCT SURFACES OF THE HEART

A
  1. ANTERIOR
  2. INFERIOR
  3. RIGHT
  4. LEFT
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Locations of the heart (6)

A
  1. Heart lies in the mediastinum
  2. Apex rests on the diaphragm
  3. Anterior surface: sternum-ribs
  4. Inferior surface: diaphragm
  5. Right surface: Right lung base
  6. Left surface: Left lung base
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Membrane that surrounds and protects the heart

A

PERICARDIUM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Two main parts of the Pericardium

A
  1. Fibrous pericardium
  2. Serous pericardium
    a. Parietal layer
    b. Visceral layer
    c. Pericardial cavity
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Composed of tough, inelastic, dense irregular connective tissue.

A

Fibrous Pericardium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Functions of the Fibrous Pericardium

A

❖ Prevents overstretching of the heart
❖ Provides protection
❖ Anchors heart in the mediastinum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Double layer of thinner and more delicate membrane

A

Serous Pericardium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Layers of the Serous Pericardium

A
  1. Parietal layer (outer)
  2. Pericardial cavity
  3. Visceral layer (inner)/ Epicardium
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

The visceral layer of the serous pericardium is also known as

A

Epicardium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Reduces friction between layers of parietal and visceral layer.

A

Pericardial fluid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

LAYERS OF THE HEART

A
  1. EPICARDIUM- External
  2. MYOCARDIUM- Middle
  3. ENDOCARDIUM- Inner
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Texture of the epicardium

A

Smooth, slippery texture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What the epicardium (layer) contains

A

Blood vessels, lymphatics, and vessels that supply the myocardium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Two tissue layers of the Epicardium

A
  1. Visceral layer
  2. Fibroelastic tissue and adipose tissue
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Visceral layer vs Fibroelastic tissue and adipose tissue (Epicardium tissue layer)

A
  1. Visceral layer
    - composed of thin, transparent mesothelium
  2. Fibroelastic tissue and adipose tissue
    - houses major coronary and cardiac vessels
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Mesothelium meaning

A

Simple squamous epithelial cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Responsible for pumping action of the heart

A

Myocardium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

How much of the heart wall does the myocardium make up?

A

95%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Cardiac muscle fibers are organized in (1) that swirl (2) around the heart and generate the strong pumping actions of the heart

A
  1. bundles
  2. diagonally
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Thin layer of connective tissue; Provides a smooth lining for the chambers of the heart and covers the valves of the heart

A

Endocardium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Endocardium is continuous with the (1) of the (2) attached to the heart.

A
  1. endothelial lining
  2. large blood vessels
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

CHAMBERS OF THE HEART

A
  1. ATRIA
  2. VENTRICLES
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Atria vs Ventricles
(location, function, surface)

A
  1. ATRIA
    - Superior receiving chamber of the heart
    - Receive blood from blood vessels returning blood to heart
    - Auricle
  2. VENTRICLES
    - Inferior pumping chamber of the heart
    - Eject blood from the heart into blood vessels
    - Sulci
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Why is the auricle named so?

A

Because of its resemblance to a dog’s ear

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Auricle vs sulci

A

Auricle
- Anterior surface of each atrium; increases the capacity of an atrium

Sulcus
- Surface of the heart; marks the external boundary between two chambers of the heart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Encircles most of the heart and marks the external boundary between the superior atria and inferior ventricles

A

Coronary sulcus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Marks the external boundary between the anterior right and left ventricles

A

Anterior interventricular sulcus

36
Q

Marks the external boundary between the posterior right and left ventricles

A

Posterior interventricular sulcus

37
Q

Right border of the heart

A

Right Atrium

38
Q

The Right Atrium receives blood from three veins:

A
  1. Superior vena cava
  2. Inferior vena cava
  3. Coronary sinus
39
Q

Walls of Right Atrium

A
  1. Smooth posterior wall
  2. Rough anterior wall (Pectinate muscles)
40
Q

Partition between atria

A

Interatrial septum

41
Q

Prominent feature of the Right atrium

A

Fossa ovalis

42
Q

Oval depression that is the remnant of the foramen ovale of a fetal heart

A

Fossa ovalis

43
Q

Controls the flow of blood from right atrium to right ventricle; Prevents backflow of blood

A

Tricuspid valve/ Right Atrioventricular valve

44
Q

Composition of Tricuspid valve

A

Consists of three leaflets or cusps

45
Q

Forms most of the anterior surface of the heart

A

Right Ventricle

46
Q

Bundles of cardiac muscle in the RV

A

Trabeculae carneae

47
Q

Rough outer wall of the RV

A

Trabeculae carneae

48
Q

Tricuspid valve are connected to tendon-like cords called (1) that also connects to (2)

A
  1. Chordae tendineae
  2. papillary muscles
49
Q

Internally, the right ventricle is separated from the left ventricle by this partition

A

Interventricular septum

50
Q

BEFORE BLOOD FROM THE RIGHT VENTRICLE GOES TO THE PULMONARY TRACT, IT WILL GO TO THE

A

PULMONARY VALVE/ Pulmonary semilunar valve

51
Q

PULMONARY ARTERY IS THE ONLY ARTERY THAT CARRIES —

A

DEOXYGENATED BLOOD

52
Q

Composition of the pulmonary valve

A

Consists of three leaflets or cusps

53
Q

Control the flow of blood from right ventricle into large artery (pulmonary trunk); Sends blood to the lungs

A

Pulmonary valve

54
Q

Forms most of the base of the heart

A

Left Atrium

55
Q

Receives blood from four pulmonary veins.

A

Left Atrium

56
Q

Consists of smooth posterior and anterior wall

A

Left Atrium

57
Q

Valve between the left atrium and the left ventricle

A

Bicuspid (mitral) valve/ Left atrioventricular valve

58
Q

Thickest chamber of the heart

A

Left Ventricle

59
Q

The LV is the chamber of the heart that forms the —

A

apex of the heart

60
Q

Like the right ventricle, the left ventricle contains (1) and has (2) that anchor the cusps of the bicuspid valve to (3).

A
  1. trabeculae carneae
  2. chordae tendineae
  3. papillary muscles
61
Q

Heart valve between the left ventricle and the ascending aorta

A

Aortic valve

62
Q

Blood vessel that normally closes after births, leaving a remnant behind

A

Ductus arteriosus

63
Q

Remnant of the ductus arteriosus

A

Ligamentum arteriosum

64
Q

Deliver blood under less pressure into the adjacent ventricles; Thin walled

A

ATRIUM

65
Q

Pumps blood under high pressure over greater distances; thick walled

A

VENTRICLE

66
Q

Right vs Left Ventricle
(Workload, pumping, resistance to blood flow, muscular wall; perimeter of lumen)

A

RIGHT VENTRICLE
- smaller workload
- pumps blood at a short distance –> lungs at lower pressure
- resistance to blood flow: small
- muscular wall: thinner
- perimeter of the lumen: somewhat crescent shaped

LEFT VENTRICLE
- more workload
- pumps blood at greater distances –> all other parts of the body at higher pressure
- resistance to blood flow: larger
- muscular wall: thicker
- perimeter of the lumen: roughly circular

67
Q

ATRIOVENTRICULAR VALVES

A
  1. TRICUSPID VALVE
  2. MITRAL VALVE
68
Q

NUMBER OF CUSPS of each atroventricular valves

A

TRICUSPID VALVE: 3
MITRAL VALVE: 2

69
Q

FLOW OF BOOD of each atroventricular valves

A

TRICUSPID VALVE: From the RA to the RV
MITRAL VALVE: From the lungs to the LA

70
Q

FUNCTIONS of each atroventricular valves

A

TRICUSPID VALVE: Prevent blood from flowing backward from the RV to the RA
MITRAL VALVE: Prevent backward flow from LV to the LA

71
Q

SEMILUNAR VALVES OF THE HEART

A
  1. AORTIC VALVE
  2. PULMONARY VALVE
72
Q

NUMBER OF CUSPS of each semilunar valves

A

AORTIC VALVE: 3
PULMONARY VALVE: 3

73
Q

FLOW OF BOOD of each semilunar valves

A

AORTIC VALVE: From the RV to the pulmonary artery
PULMONARY VALVE: From the LV to the aorta

74
Q

FUNCTIONS of each semilunar valves

A

AORTIC VALVE: Prevents backward flow from the aorta into the LV
PULMONARY VALVE: Prevents blood from going backward from the pulmonary artery to the RV

75
Q

FIBERS ENCIRCLING THE VALVES

A

FIBROUS SKELETON

76
Q

Functions of the FIBROUS SKELETON

A
  1. Form structural foundation for the heart valves
  2. Prevent overstretching of the valve
  3. Acts as an electrical insulator between the atria and ventricles
77
Q

Phase of the heartbeat when the heart muscle relaxes and allows the chambers to fill with blood

A

DIASTOLE

78
Q

Heartbeat phase when the heart muscle contracts and pumps blood from the chambers into the arteries

A

SYSTOLE

79
Q

Diastolic blood pressure

A

80 mm Hg

80
Q

Systolic blood pressure

A

120 mm

81
Q

Diastole takes how long?

A

0.5 sec

82
Q

Systole takes how long?

A

0.3 sec

83
Q

Brings the heart chambers to their normal size to receive blood

A

DIASTOLE

84
Q

Decreases the volume of the heart chambers to force the blood out

A

SYSTOLE

85
Q

What causes hearts ounds?

A

Primarily from blood turbulence caused by closing of the heart valves

86
Q

In a normal heart only the — are loud enough to be heard through a stethoscope

A

first and second heart sounds (S1 and S2)

87
Q

S1 vs S2

A

S1: “lubb” caused by blood turbulence associated with closure of the AV valves soon after ventricular systole begins

S2: “dupp”caused by blood turbulence associated with closure of the SL valves at the beginning of ventricular diastole

0858 RAD TECH 122 (23 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions