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CardioPulm > Unit 4: Wk 14 > Flashcards

Unit 4: Wk 14 Flashcards

1
Q

Action of opioids

A

Suppress cough reflex at brain stem (antitussive)

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2
Q

Action of benzonatate

A

Anesthetic effect on vagal nerve endings in the airway

Reduces the effects of irritation that starts the cough reflex (antitussive)

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3
Q

Rehab concerns: Antitussives

A
  • OVERUSE AND DEPENDENCE
  • may limit a “productive cough”
  • sedation
  • dizziness
  • GI upset
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4
Q

Antihistamine action

A

Block Histamine type 1 receptor : decrease effects of histamine on upper respiratory tract

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5
Q

What are antihistamines used for?

A

Histamine mediated coughing, sneezing, irritation (seasonal allergies/colds)

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6
Q

Primary problem if an antihistamine drug does cross the BBB?

A

Sedation and fatigue
Lack of coordination
Blurred vision ‘limit a productive cough’

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7
Q

Decongestants action

A

Stimulate alpha one receptor on vascular arterials

(VASOCONSTRICTORS!!) — they vasoconstrictors the nasal mucosa (OTC)

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8
Q

Decongestants primary concerns

A
  • headache nausea and nervousness
  • Cardiovascular stimulation!!! (Increased BP) — SYSTEMIC

DEPENDENCE AND OVERUSE

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9
Q

Decongestants used commonly in OTC products are designed to cause _____ in nasal mucosa, but systemic use can also cause serious ____ in certain pts.

A
  • vasoconstriction
  • increase in BP
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10
Q

Mucolytics action

A

Breaks up mucous, decrease viscosity of mucous, makes it easier to raise and expel secretions

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11
Q

Expectorants action

A

Increase production of a thinner, more liquid phlegm

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12
Q

Primary problems of mucolytics and expectorants

A
  • not much , usually well tolerated unless there’s excessive use
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13
Q

Types of bronchodilators

A

Beta-Adrenergic agonists:

Xanthine derivatives:

Anticholinergics:

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14
Q

Beta-Adrenergic agonists action

A

stimulate beta 2 receptors on airway smooth muscle and increase production of cyclic AMP and tells smooth muscle to cell to relax and bronchodilate

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15
Q

Beta-Adrenergic agonists primary problems

A

Bronchial irritation/constriction
Cardiac stimulation
CNS stimulation

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16
Q

Should you give a beta Adrenergic agonist before or after postural drainage?

A

Before

17
Q

Xanthine Derivatives action

A

Were not sure how but it inhibits cAMP breakdown, blocks adenosine stimulation and has anti inflammatory effects - has caffeine like effects - can get it from strongly brewed tea

18
Q

Primary problem of Xanthine theophylline

A

Theophylline toxicity — plasma >15ug/ml ; serious >20 guys/ml

Cardiac arrhythmias, and seizures; nausea, confusion, irritability, and restlessness

19
Q

Anticholinergics actions

A

Ach stimulates bronchial smooth muscle contraction so Anticholinergics block Ach receptors throughout body

20
Q

Anti inflammatory steroids action

A

Inhibit virtually all components of the inflammatory response

21
Q

Primary systemic problems of beta Adrenergic agonists

A
  • general catabolic effects —> muscle wasting, osteoporosis
  • altered glucose metabolism, adrenal suppression
22
Q

What is a good combo of two products to help with COPD and ASTHMA

A

Bronchidilator and anti inflammatory steroid
- they can be given by MDI or dry powder inhaler

23
Q

Whenever possible, anti-inflammatory steroids should be administered by inhalation because of…

A
  • less systemic, catabolic, and metabolic effects and a lower therapeutic dose
24
Q

Cromones Action

A

Prevents release of histamine, inflammatory mediators from pulmonary mast cells

  • can prevent attack if taken before exposure to initiating agent activity
25
Q

Leukotrine modifiers action

A

Lipid compounds - mediate inflammatory response

  • produced from arachnoid acid by lipoxygenase enzyme
26
Q

T or F: Ppl w asthma shouldn’t take aspirin

A

TRUE

27
Q

Goal of supplemental O2

A

Reduce hypoxemia and restore O2 levels

28
Q

Risk of O2

A

Increases fire risk
Dries out airway = nose bleeds

29
Q

O2 toxicity

A

O2 increases the likelihood of generating reactive o2 species

  • muscle twitching, dizzy, convulsion, incoordination, nausea, LOC
30
Q

Surfactant replacement indication

A

Typically administered to neonates via endotrach tube

31
Q

What does surfactant replacement do ?

A

Reduces surface tension in the alveolus
*helps preme babies survive bc they help inflate the lungs

32
Q

Nitric Oxide action

A

Relaxes vascular smooth muscle
*for neonates to facilitate perfusion and improve V/Q ratio

33
Q

Infants born prematurely can be administered what to things? What do they help

A

Surfactant to decrease surface tension in alveoli

Nitric oxide to increase vasodilation in pulmonary vasculature

34
Q

Drugs to help quit smoking

A

Nicotine replacement , bupropion (Zyban) - prolongs effects of dopamine,, norepinephrine in brain

35
Q

DONE

A

Good job :)

CardioPulm (17 decks)

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