Human Factors / Aeromedical Factos

Question 1

Aeronautical Decision Making for mitigating risk

Answer 1

5 P’s

Pilot
Plane
Plan
Passengers
Programming

Question 2

What part of your eye is used during the day?

Answer 2

The cones primarily and rods for peripheral.

Question 3

What part of the eye is primarily responsible for night vision?

Answer 3

Rods
20-30 minutes for night vision
Your blind spot is the center of your vision

Question 4

What is the vestibular system, how does it work?

Answer 4

This is part of the ear canal.
Movement of fluid in the cupola is registered by the hairs in the ear.
Any discrepancy between what the fluid/ hairs are saying and what is actually happening will cause disorientation.

Question 5

What are some Illusions in flight (Acronym)

Answer 5

ICEFLAGS

Inversion
Coriolis
Elevator
False Horizon
Leans
Autokinesis
Graveyard spin/spiral
Somatogravic

Question 6

What are some illusions leading to landing errors?

Answer 6

Runway Width Illusion - narrow runway feels like you are high
Runway and terrain slopes illusion - up-sloping terrain looks like you are high
Featureless terrain illusion - no features feels like you are high.
Atmospheric Illusions- rain == feels high but lower. Penetrating fog == illusion of pitching up.
Ground lighting illusions - some lights can look like runways. Bright lights may cause the illusion of being lower than actual

Question 7

Scuba Diving limitations

Answer 7

Wait 24 hours before flying above 8,000 ft.

Question 8

What is hyperventilation? Symptoms? Treatment?

Answer 8

Hyperventilation is an abnormal increase in volume of air where you ‘blow off’ excessive carbon dioxide from the body. Primarily caused from stress.

Symptoms: light headedness, suffocation, drowsiness, tingling in extremities, disorientation, muscle spasms, unconsciousness.

Treatment: If using oxygen system, use it 100%. Slow rate and depth of breathing.

Question 9

What is Carbon Monoxide poisoning?
Symptoms?
Treatment?

Answer 9

CO is colorless and odorless. From the exhaust fumes.

Symptoms: headache, Drowsiness, dizziness while using the heater.

Treatment: Turn off the heater. Open air vents. If the symptoms continue after landing, seek medical treatment.

Question 10

What is Hypoxia?
Symptoms?
Treatment?

Answer 10

Hypoxia is a state of oxygen deficiency in the body significant enough to impair functions.

Symptoms - decreased night vision, Cyanosis, euphoria, drowsiness, dizziness, headache, peripheral vision grays out.

Treatment - decrease altitude.

Question 11

What are the hazardous attitudes and antidotes?

Answer 11

Macho - Taking chances is foolish
Anti authority - Follow the rules
Resignation- I am not helpless, I can make a difference
Invulnerability - It could happen to me
Impulsivity - Not so fast, Think first

Question 12

What are the 12 common human factor errors (specifically maintenance but works for pilots as well)

Answer 12

1. Lack of communication
2. Complacency
3. Lack of Knowledge
4. Distractions
5. Lack of Teamwork
6. Fatigue
7. Lack of Resources
8. Pressure
9. Lack of Assertiveness
10. Stress
11. Lack of awareness
12. Norms

Question 13

Middle ear and sinus blockages

Answer 13

Any air that is trapped in your ear with no escape will cause a painful pressure buildup.

Question 14

Motion Sickness

Answer 14

When the brain is receiving conflicting messages about the state of the body. Symptoms include discomfort, nausea, dizziness, paleness, sweating, vomiting.
Open Fresh air and focus outside.