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AP Psychology > Unit 8 > Flashcards

Unit 8 Flashcards

1
Q

Psychological disorder

A

a syndrome marked by a clinically significant disturbance in an individual’s cognition, emotion regulation, or behavior

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2
Q

Maladaptive behaviors

A

thoughts, emotions, and behaviors must interfere with normal day-to-day life

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3
Q

Comorbidity

A

presence of two or more disorders occurring simultaneously

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4
Q

Medical Model

A

concept that diseases have physical causes that can be diagnosed, treated, and in most cases, cured, often through treatment in a hospital

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5
Q

Biopsychosocial Approach

A

biological, psychological, and sociocultural factors influence a person

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6
Q

Anxiety Disorders

A

Psychological disorders characterized by distressing, persistent anxiety or maladaptive behaviors that reduce anxiety

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7
Q

Generalized Anxiety Disorder

A

Anxiety disorder in which a person is continually tense, apprehensive, and in a state of autonomic nervous system arousal

Marked by excessive and uncontrollable worry that persists for a least 6 months or more

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8
Q

Panic Disorder

A

An anxiety disorder marked by unpredictable, minutes-long episodes of intense dread in which a person may experience terror and accompanying chest pain, choking, or other frightening sensations

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9
Q

Phobia

A

Anxiety disorder marked by a persistent, irrational fear and avoidance of a specific object, activity, or situation

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10
Q

Agoraphobia

A

Fear or avoidance of social situations
Such as crowds or wide open places, where one has the loss of control and panic

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11
Q

Social Anxiety Disorder

A

Intense fear and avoidance of social situations
Situations that involve the possibility of being scrutinized

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12
Q

OCD

A

a disorder characterized by unwanted repetitive thoughts (obsessions), actions (compulsions), or both

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13
Q

Post Traumatic Stress Disorder

A

characterized by haunting memories, nightmares, hypervigilance, social withdrawal, jumpy anxiety, numbness of feeling, and/or insomnia that lingers for four weeks or more after a traumatic experience

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14
Q

Major Depressive Disorder

A

a disorder in which a person experiences two or more weeks with five or more symptoms, at least one which must be either depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure

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15
Q

Persistent Depressive Disorder

A

depressed mood for most of the day, lasts at least two years

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16
Q

Premenstrual Dysphoric DIsorder:

A

marked mood changes, irritability, dysphoria, anxiety beginning week before menstruation

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17
Q

Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder:

A

childhood condition of extreme irritability, anger, and frequent intense temper outbursts

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18
Q

Bipolar Disorders

A

Disorder in which a person alternates between the hopelessness and lethargy of depression and the overexcited state of mania

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19
Q

Bipolar I Disorder

A

during the period of mood disturbance and increased activity, three of the manic symptoms need to be present for the following
Depressive moods: last at least two weeks
Manic moods: lasts at least one week

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20
Q

Bipolar II Disorder

A

a categorization for individuals with a past history of a major depressive disorder who meet all of the criteria for hypomania except duration and typically life threatening actions

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21
Q

Schizophrenia

A

A disorder characterized by delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech, and/or diminished inappropriate emotional expression

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22
Q

Symptoms of Schizophrenia

A

Hallucinations, Delusions, Distorted thinking, Poor affection, Flat affect, Poor speech production, Social withdrawal

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23
Q

Paranoid schizophrenia

A

Have delusions or frequent auditory hallucinations all relating to a single theme
May be agitated, confused, or afraid

24
Q

disorganized schizphrenia

A

Incoherent in their thoughts and speech, disorganized in their behavior
Usually have delusions or hallucinations as well, but these tend to be disorganized and disconnected from one another
Emotionless or show inappropriate emotion

25
Q

catatonic schizophrenia

A

Most obvious symptom with this type of schizophrenia is disturbance of movement
May hold unusual, uncomfortable positions for an extended period of time
May also exhibit waxy flexibility: a condition where others can mold them in strange positions to hold for hours

26
Q

Somatic Symptom Disorders

A

A psychological disorder in which the symptoms take a somatic (bodily) form without apparent cause

27
Q

Conversion Disorders

A

A disorder related to somatic symptom disorder in which a person experiences very specific, physical symptoms that are not compatible with recognized medical or neurological conditions

28
Q

Illness Anxiety Disorder (Formerly Hypochondria)

A

A disorder related to somatic symptom disorder in which a person interprets normal physical sensations as symptoms of a disease

29
Q

Personality disorder

A

a chronic, inflexible, and maladaptive patterns of perception, thought, and behavior

30
Q

Cluster A: Odd or Eccentric Behaviors

A

Paranoid, schizoid, schizotypal

31
Q

Cluster B: Dramatic or Erratic Behaviors

A

Antisocial, borderline, histrionic, and narcissistic

32
Q

Cluster C: Anxious or Fearful Behaviors

A

Obsessive-compulsive, avoidant, and dependent

33
Q

Paranoid personality

A

Chronic sense of being observed and persecuted
Shows deep distrust of other people, which gets in the way of personal relationships
Overly sensitive prone to jealousy

34
Q

schizoid personality

A

Detached from social relationships
Limited range of emotional expression
Inability to take pleasure in most activities
Doesn’t desire or enjoy close relationships
People are often aloof, daydream a lot, and are known as loner

35
Q

schizotypal personality

A

Reduced capacity for close relationships’ odd ways of thinking
Flat emotions or inappropriate emotional responses
Social anxiety and a lack of comfort with close relationships
Peculiar dress, thinking, beliefs, speech, or behavior
Resembles schizophrenia

36
Q

antisocial personality

A

Disregard for others’ needs or feeling
Persistent lying, stealing, using aliases, conning others
Recurring problems with the law
Repeated violation of the rights of others
Aggressive, often violent behavior
Disregard for the safety of others
Also known as psychopathic or sociopathic personality

37
Q

borderline personality

A

Impulsive and risky behavior
Unstable or fragile self image
Unstable and intense relationships
Sudden intense rages, deep insecurity
Ongoing feelings of emptiness

38
Q

histrionic personality

A

Self-important, attention-seeking, excessive emotionality
Obsessed with being the best
Bizarre appearance and speech
Speaks dramatically with strong opinions, but few facts or details to back them up
Easily influenced by others

39
Q

narcissistic personality

A

Belief that you’re special and more important than others
Fantasies about power, success, and attractiveness
Failure to recognize others’ needs and feelings
Exaggeration of achievements or talents
Expectation of constant praise and admiration
Arrogance
Intolerant of others

40
Q

avoidant personality

A

Sensitive to rejections, humiliation, or shame
Socially withdrawn
Oversensitivity to negative criticism
Feeling inadequate, inferior, or unattractive

41
Q

dependent personality

A

Submissive and clingy
Lacking in self-reliance - allows others to make all decisions
Fears abandonment
Tolerance of poor or abusive treatment, even when other options are available

42
Q

obsessive compulsive personality disorder

A

Very similar to OCD but hose with OCPD don’t see their behavior as abnormal or stressful
Extreme perfectionism
Desire to be in control of people, tasks and situations, and inability to delegate tasks
Unable to express warm emotions
Inflexible about morality, ethics, or values

43
Q

Autism Spectrum Disorder

A

A disorder that appears in childhood and is marked by significant deficiencies in communication and social interaction, and by rigidly fixated interests and repetitive behaviors

44
Q

ADHD

A

a psychological disorder marked by extreme inattention and/or hyperactivity and impulsivity
Key symptoms: inattention and distractibility, hyperactivity, and impulsivity

45
Q

dissociative amnesia

A

Characterized by a particular stressful or traumatic event
Often, a person cannot remember any events that occurred for a certain time surrounding the traumatic event

46
Q

Dissociative Fugue

A

Memory loss for having anything to do with personal memory, paired with flight from home, after which a person establishes a new identity

47
Q

Depersonalization Disorder

A

Feelings of detachment from one’s mental processes or body
People with this disorder feel as though they are outside of their bodies and observe themselves at a distance

48
Q

Dissociative Identity Disorder

A

2 or more distinct personalities manifested by the same person at different times

49
Q

Psychoanalysis

A

belief that the patient’s free associations, resistances, dreams, and transferences and the the therapist’s interpretations of them released previously repressed feelings, allowing the patient to gain self insight

50
Q

Psychodynamic therapy

A

Views individuals as responding to unconscious forces and childhood experiences
Doesn’t focus on the id, ego, and superego
Tends to focus on important relationships

51
Q

Humanistic Therapies

A

Goal is to reduce inner conflicts that interfere with internal growth and development of the person by helping them with self awareness and self acceptance

52
Q

Client-Centered Therapy

A

therapy in which the therapist uses techniques such as active listening

53
Q

Counterconditioning

A

uses classical conditioning to evoke new response to stimuli that are triggering unwanted behaviors

54
Q

Rational-Emotive Behavior Therapy

A

confrontational cognitive therapy that vigorously challenges people’s illogical, self-defeating attitudes and assumptions

55
Q

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy

A

integrative therapy that combines cognitive therapy with behavior therapy

AP Psychology (9 decks)

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