14 - Ecosystem Services

Question 1

tree cover >0.5 hectare, canopy >10% of total area, and a height of growth >5 m UN includes monoculture

Answer 1

Forest

Question 2

sum of all living material, or of all living material of particular species in an area. Living matter, billions of tons, of carbon that is mainly plants

Answer 2

Biomass

Question 3

permanent disturbance/conversion of land to another use, biomass removal, mainly agricultural, secondarily oil and gas, and note that the annual rate in Canada is falling

Answer 3

Deforestation

Question 4

area large enough to retain native biodiversity typically has no signs of fragmentation (by logging or for infrastructure)

Answer 4

Intact Forest Landscape

Question 5

human-caused ecosystem/habitat/species division into small parcels

Answer 5

Fragmentation

Question 6

literally “of the north” is Canada’s commercial logging location and the world’s largest carbon sink

Answer 6

Boreal Forest

Question 7

uses, contribution of ecosystems to human well-being

Answer 7

Ecosystem Services

Question 8

reforestation/afforestation/crops to ameliorate carbon dioxide load

Answer 8

Carbon Sequestration

Question 9

economic values, e.g., berries, maple syrup, fur, medicine

Answer 9

non-timber forest product

Question 10

practice of controlling forest growth, composition, quality, and values farming trees. “growing trees”

Answer 10

silviculture

Question 11

number of huge, long-lived trees, standing dead/logs/multi-layered canopy

Answer 11

old-growth forest

Question 12

natural to managed, is controversial

Answer 12

rate of conversion

Question 13

provincial government establishes theoretical annual increment merchantable timber should reflect the long-run sustained yield (LRSY)

Answer 13

annual allowable cut

Question 14

economic maturity of tree crop 60 – 120 y

Answer 14

culmination age

Question 15

old-growth to second-growth timber as old growth depletes

Answer 15

falldown effect

Question 16

cutting all trees, therefore whatever might regrow or be planted is even-aged
economical and mimics most of natural process (but removes carbon and nutrients) but, an unappealing with environmental impacts (so a point of conflict in Canada)

Answer 16

clearcutting

Question 17

planting/reseeding forest, risky (reduced biodiversity, survival not guaranteed)

Answer 17

Reforestation

Question 18

site preparation chemicals, quick and easy fix

Answer 18

Biocide

Question 19

chemicals for weeds

Answer 19

herbicide

Question 20

chemicals for spruce budworm and mountain pine beetle (and others)

Answer 20

insecticide

Question 21

volatile compound “scent,” used by insects
of a given species to communicate. making scents to get the bugs and killing them on mass

Answer 21

pheronome