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Python for Informatics > Chapter 1: Introduction > Flashcards

Chapter 1: Introduction Flashcards

1
Q

error in the program

A

bug

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1
Q

The heart of any computer. It is what runs the software that we write

A

central processing unit
(CPU / processor)

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1
Q

To translate a program written in a high-level language into a low-level language all at once, in preparation for later execution.

A

compile

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2
Q

A programming language like Python that is designed to be easy for humans to read and write.

A

high-level language

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3
Q

A way of using the Python interpreter by typing commands and expressions at the prompt.

A

interactive mode

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4
Q

To execute a program in a high-level language by translating it one line at a time.

A

interpret

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5
Q

A programming language that is designed to be easy for a computer to execute; also called “machine code” or “assembly language”.

A

low-level language

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6
Q

The lowest-level language for software, which is the language that is directly executed by the central processing unit (CPU).

A

machine code

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7
Q

Stores programs and data. Loses its information when the power is turned off.

A

main memory

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8
Q

To examine a program and analyze the syntactic structure.

A

parse

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9
Q

A property of a program that can run on more than one kind of computer.

A

portability

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10
Q

An instruction that causes the Python interpreter to display a value on the screen.

A

print function

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11
Q

The process of formulating a problem, finding a solution, and expressing the solution.

A

problem solving

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12
Q

A set of instructions that specifies a computation.

A

program

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13
Q

When a program displays a message and pauses for the user to type some input to the program.

A

prompt

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14
Q

Stores programs and data and retains its information even when the power is turned off. Generally slower. Examples include disk drives and flash memory in USB sticks.

A

secondary memory

15
Q

The meaning of a program.

A

semantics

16
Q

An error in a program that makes it do something other than what the programmer intended.

A

semantic error

17
Q

A program in a high-level language.

A

source code

18
Q

Get data from the “outside world”. This might be reading data from a file, or even some kind of sensor like a microphone or GPS.

A

input

19
Q

Display the results of the program on a screen or store them in a file or perhaps write them to a device like a speaker to play music or speak text.

A

output

20
Q

Perform statements one after another in the order they are encountered in the script.

A

sequential execution

21
Q

Check for certain conditions and then execute or skip a sequence of statements.

A

conditional execution

22
Q

Perform some set of statements repeatedly, usually with some variation.

A

repeated execution

23
Q

Write a set of instructions once and give them a name and then use those instructions again as needed throughout your program.

A

reuse

24
Q

command to exit Python in interactive mode

A

quit()

25
Q

Implementation of Python in the Common Language Runtime (CLR) virtual machine shared by the Microsoft .NET languages.

A

Iron Python

26
Q

Implementation of Python
that is written in the Java language. It will run on the Java Virtual Machine (JVM), and thereby enjoys broad portability across all major platforms. Can easily utilize Java packages.

A

Jython

27
Q

Programming language good for Data Management and business intelligence.
Not good for science
Proprietary

A

SAS

28
Q

Implementation of Python written in the standard C language.
Fastest implementation, while
still assuring portability across all major platforms.

A

CPython

29
Q

Similar to Python
Has own IDE
Can’t use other languages within it well

A

R

30
Q

Good for querying highly structured data
Not a full programming language

A

SQL
(Structured Query Language)

31
Q

Data centric approach using step-wise sequential processing, with
selection and iteration constructs, and procedure blocks – tends to
promote centralized architectures

A

Procedural programming

32
Q

Based on Alonzo Church’s Lambda Calculus, this approaches functional
abstraction as the primary language unit – scope of data is elegantly managed
Aka uses functions

A

Functional programming

33
Q

Focuses on the direct transformation of program state

A

Imperative programming

34
Q

Uses encapsulation of data and methods, inheritance, and
polymorphism to support extensible and reusable code that can be effective in managing complexity and change

A

Object-oriented programming

35
Q

text editor that has special support for Python syntax, format, and presentation

A

Integrated Development Environment
(IDE)

36
Q

Feature-rich Python IDE that makes programming in Python much easier
eg. Anaconda

A

IPython

37
Q

IPython-like facility that supports multiple languages

A

Jupyter

Python for Informatics (16 decks)

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