Adverse Drug Reaction Flashcards
1
Q
What is benzalkonium chloride
A
- used as preservative in ocular medications
- found in up to 75% of ocular preparations in the EU
- disrupts permeability of cell membrane
- mild toxic effect
2
Q
BAK management
A
- switch to unpreserved preparation
Symptomatic relief
- cold compresses
- artificial tears
3
Q
Tetracycline ADRs
A
- photosensitivity
- tooth discolouration
- GI disturbance
- Headache
- Kidney liver damage
- Steven-Johnson syndrome
4
Q
Topical corticosteroids ADRs
A
- suppress immune response
- cataract development
- delayed wound healing
- corneal/scleral thinning
- increased choroidal thickness
- steroid glaucoma
5
Q
Management of steroid glaucoma
A
- take off steroid then monitor IOP after 2 weeks
- typically subsides 1-4 weeks
- urgent referral back to prescriber
- change to alternative medication
- add glaucoma medication
6
Q
Considerations when selecting a steroid
A
Consider non penetrating steroid
- prednisolone
- flourometholone
- loteprednol
Consider topical NSAIDs
- diclofenac sodium
7
Q
Prostaglandin analogue ADRs
A
- low risk ADRs
- majority local to ocular region
- local ocular irritation
- iris hyperpigmentation common in mixed colour iris
- Cystoid macular oedema
- anterior uveitis rare
- HSK reactivation risk
- eyelash changes
8
Q
Beta blockers ADRs
A
- dry eye
- reduce aqueous component
- increase heart rate
- bronchial dilation
9
Q
Tetracycline cautions
A
- pregnancy
- breast feeding
- myesthenia
- oral contraceptive
- under 12
- renal impairment
