memory - atkinson & shiffrin (1968) multistoremodelofmemory Flashcards
3 distinct stores in our memory system?
- sensory register
- stm
- ltm
define sensory register
our immediate memory of sensory info.
define attention
focus on certain sensory information.
features of sensory register?
- receives all sensory info around us; holds it very briefly.
- if paid attention to it, transferred into STM where we can process it further.
- no atttention paid = decays.
define iconic memory
sensory register for visual information.
define echoic memory
sensory register for auditory (sound) information.
what are the other sensory registers?
- gustatory (taste)
- olfactory (smell)
- tacticle (touch)
what do atkinson & shiffrin describe stm as?
and whats the definition of it
modality free: not linked to a specific type of sensory information
george miller (1956)
- average stm can hold between 5-9 chunks of info.
- or 7+-2
strength (evidence for multi-store model of memory)
Ben Murdock (1962)
* serial position effect - tendency to recall more words at beginning (primacy) & end (recency) of a word list.
* primacy occurs bc words at beginning of list had been rehearsed & transferred into LTM.
* recency occurs bc words still being held in stm.
* words in middle recalled less; not been enough time to rehearse them in to ltm b4 they were displaced from stm.
strength
- lot of evidence to support theory of separate memory stores. cases of amnesia show how brain injury can damage LTM, while stm remains intact.
weaknesses
- overstating role of rehearsal as a means of transferring info into stm. things can be remembered bc they were meaningful.
- unlikely we have one type of ltm.
clive wearing suffered damage to part of memory storing personal events, other parts of memory still intact (playing piano.)
demonstrates that we have several diff types of ltm.
define primacy
tendency to recall words at the beginning of a list when asked to remember it.
define recency
the tendency to recall words at the end of a list when asked to remember it.