topic 10 - human transport

Question 1

composition of blood percentages

Answer 1

55% plasma, 45% red blood cells, 1% white blood cells/platelets

Question 2

role of plasma

Answer 2

to take nutrients, hormones,
proteins and CO2 to the parts of the body that need it

Question 3

how are red blood cells adapted for the transport of oxygen?

Answer 3

• biconcave shape to maximise surface area to absorb oxygen
• thin membrane for gases to diffuse through easily
• don’t have a nucleus so the red blood cell can contain more oxygen

Question 4

what is a phagocyte?

Answer 4

a type of white blood cell in the body that can engulf pathogens. it releases waste outside the cell

Question 5

what is a phagosome?

Answer 5

a vesicle in the phagocyte that contains the pathogen

Question 6

what is a lysosome?

Answer 6

a vesicle containing digestive enzymes inside the phagocyte

Question 7

what is a phagolysosome?

Answer 7

when the phagosome and lysosome fuse together to digest and destroy the pathogen.

Question 8

what are antibodies?

Answer 8

they are produced by lymphocytes and have a complementary shape to the antigen. they will only bind to the antigen that have a specific shape. once bound they flag to the phagocytes

Question 9

whats agglutination?

Answer 9

when antibodies bind to multiple pathogens, clumping them together and making it easier for the phagocyte to engulf them.

Question 10

how does the immune system protect the body from disease?

Answer 10

first, lymphocytes produce antibodies that have a complementary structure to the antigen. it then attaches to multiple pathogens and flags to the phagocyte. the phagocyte then comes and engulfs the pathogens and dispose of them outside the cell.

Question 11

how does the heart function?

Answer 11

the right side of the heart receives blood that’s low in oxygen because most has been used up by the brain and body. It pumps it to the lungs, where it picks up a fresh supply of oxygen. The blood then returns to the left side of the heart to be pumped out to the brain and the rest of your body

Question 12

draw the structure of the heart

Answer 12

aorta, vena cava, pulmonary vein, pulmonary artery, right atrium, left atrium, right ventricle, left ventricle, tricuspid valve, bicuspid valve, semi-lunar valve

Question 13

what happens to the heart during exercise?

Answer 13

the heart pumps faster to supply more oxygen and blood to the body.

Question 14

factors increasing the rate of CHD

Answer 14

• smoking
• having high blood pressure
• high cholesterol
• diabetes
• obesity
• a strong family history of heart disease

Question 15

role of arteries

Answer 15

carry oxygen-rich blood from your heart to your body

Question 16

role of veins

Answer 16

collect oxygen-poor blood and return it to your heart

Question 17

role of capillaries

Answer 17

transport blood and oxygen to cells in your organs and body systems

Question 18

draw the structure of the circulatory system; including including blood vessels to and from the heart, lungs, liver and kidneys

Answer 18

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