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Histopathology > Salivary Gland > Flashcards

Salivary Gland Flashcards

1
Q

What are the functions of saliva?

A

-speech
-mastication
-taste
-swallowing
-digestion

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2
Q

What is gustin?

A

protein thought to be necessary for growth and maturation of taste buds

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3
Q

What does salivary amylase degrade?

A

starch

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4
Q

How does saliva help with protection ?

A

-lubricate protect lining mucosa from noxious stimuli, bacterial toxins, and minor trauma
-washing action to rid mouth of non-adherent bacteria
-clearance of sugar from mouth

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5
Q

How does saliva help with buffering?

A

-prevent potential pathogenic bacteria from colonizing the mouth
-buffering of microbial acids (bicarbonate and phosphate ions)

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6
Q

What is sialin?

A

protein that raises pH of dental plaque after exposure to fermentable carbohydrates

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7
Q

What is the lysozyme activity of saliva?

A

hydrolyzes bacterial cell wall

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8
Q

What is the lactoferrin activity of saliva?

A

binds free iron and thereby deprives bacteria of an essential nutrient

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9
Q

What does Salivary IgA do in the saliva?

A

cause bacterial clumping

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10
Q

How does saliva help to maintain the integrity of teeth?

A

calcium and phosphate ions facilitate mineralization of tooth surface

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11
Q

How does saliva help with soft tissue repair?

A

have epithelial growth factor and clotting factor

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12
Q

How do salivary glands form?

A

ectomesenchymal cells proliferate and grow into the underlying mesenchyme
-epithelial buds undergo histodifferentiation and morphodifferentiation

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13
Q

What do alveoli cells become during salivary gland formation?

A

acinar cells

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14
Q

What do epithelial cords become during salivary gland development?

A

ducts

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15
Q

What are the stages of salivary gland development?

A

-induction of oral epithelium by underlying ectomesenchyme
-growth of epithelial cord
-intitation of epithelial cord branching
-repetitive branching and lobule formation
-canalization of the presumptive ducts
-cytodifferentiation to become acinar cells, myoepithieal cells, and ductal cells

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16
Q

FGF+ EGF+ terminal bulb cells form:

A

-acinar cells
-myoepithelial cells
-duct cells

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17
Q

When does the parotid gland and submandibular gland start formation?

A

6th week

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18
Q

when does the sublingual gland begin formation?

A

8th week

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19
Q

When do the minor salivary glands start forming?

A

10 th week

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20
Q

What is the order (starting a acinius) of hierarchy of ducts?

A

-intercellular canaliculus
-intercalated ducts
-striated ducts
-excretory ducts
-terminal excretory ducts

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21
Q

What does intercellular canaliculus help doing?

A

help with water passing and protein secretion

22
Q

What are myoepithelial cells (basket cells)?

A

associated with terminal end pieces and intercalated ducts
-contact and help with secretion

23
Q

What are some characterisitcs of excretory ducts?

A

flat with no villi

24
Q

What duct is associated with parotid gland?

A

stensons duct

25
Q

What duct is associated with submandibular gland?

A

whartons duct

26
Q

What duct is associated with sublingual gland?

A

bartholin duct

27
Q

What are the characteristics of parotid gland?

A

mostly serous
20% of unstimulated secretion

28
Q

When is parotid gland enlargement seen?

A

-mumps, sjorgens syndrome, bulimia nervosa, anorexia nervousa, benign and malignant neoplasia

29
Q

What are the characterisitcs of submandibular gland?

A

-mixed (mostly serous)
60% of unstimulated secretion
-serous demilunes

30
Q

What are the characteristics of sublingual gland?

A

-mixed (mostly mucous)
-10% unstimulated secretion
-serous demilunes

31
Q

What are characteristics of minor salivary glands?

A

-10% of unstimulated salivary flow
-mostly mucous secretion

32
Q

What is von Ebners gland?

A

pure serous glands with circumvallate glands

33
Q

What are Blandin-nuhn glands?

A

mucoserous glands located on ventral surface of tip of tongue

34
Q

What are weber’s glands?

A

mucous glands associated with pharyngeal tonsils

35
Q

What are carmalts glands?

A

muous glands on the mandibular retromolar area

36
Q

What are endocrine glands?

A

product secreted into blood and affects other cells, no ducts

37
Q

What are exocrine glands?

A

product onto a surface, usually have a duct

38
Q

What are merocrine glands?

A

little/no damage to secreting cells (salivary)

39
Q

What are apocrine glands?

A

partial injury to secreting cells (mammary)

40
Q

What are holocrine glands?

A

complete destruction of secreting cells (sebaceous)

41
Q

What are fordyce’s granules?

A

not pathogenic lesions
-are ectopic sebaceous glands

42
Q

What can cause nicotine stomatitis?

A

pipe smoking
-hottter than other smoke

43
Q

What is a salivary gland mucocele?

A

result of trauma that severs the duct resulting in extravasation of mucin into surrounding tissues
-remove the duct that saliva typically leaves out of , so it builds up
-numerous foamy histiocytes surrounding by granular tissue

44
Q

Where are salivary gland mucoceles the most common?

A

lips, tips of ventral surface of tongue, and soft palate

45
Q

What are ranula?

A

used to designate a mucocele that occurs in the floor of the mouth
-most often involved with sublingual

46
Q

What is Sjorgrens syndrome?

A

chronic, systemic autoimmune disease
-80-90% in middle aged females
-xerostomia, xerophthalmia, or keratocinjuctivitis sicca
-parotid gland swelling due to lymphocyitc and plasma cells infilatration

47
Q

What are mixed tumors (pleomorphic adenoma)?

A

benign tumor that accounts for a lot of different tumors in the salivary gladns

48
Q

What is the histology of mixed tumors?

A

-well circumscribed and encapsulated
-tissue derived from mixture of ductal and myoepithelial cells
-keratininizing squamous cells and muscous producitng cells present

49
Q

What is mucoepidermoid carcinoma?

A

one of the most common salivary gland malignancies
-most common in the parotid gland
-pain or facial nerve palsy may develoop

50
Q

What is the histology of mucoepidermoid carcinoma?

A

-made of mucous producing cells and squamous epidermoid cells
-abundant cellular pleomorphism and tendency to form cystuc areas within the tumor cell mass

Histopathology (13 decks)

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