Anatomy::Thorax

Question 1

Blood supply to anterior chest wall

Answer 1

Br. of internal mammary
Ant. intercostal art- upto 6th rib, sup epigastric musculo phrenic

Question 2

Posterior chest wal

Answer 2

Descending thoracic aorta
- Starts at level of T4
Blood supply to upper 2 rib-

Question 3

Where does thoracic duct drain into?

Answer 3

Left brachicephalic vein

Question 4

Relations of Angle of Louis

Answer 4

Level- lower T4, 2nd rib
Arch of aorta,
bifurcation of trachea
Bifurcation of pulmaonary trunk
End of aorta, start of descending
SVC- rt atruium
Azygous- IVC
Remanant of thymus
Ligamentum arteriosum
Thoracic duct crosses from rt to left and ascends to Left of oesophagus2nd anatomical constrictionof oesopgus - 24-25 cm from teeth

Question 5

Posterior mediastinum

Answer 5

T12- Descending thoracic aorta
thoracic duct
Azygous vein
T10- Oesophagus
Anterior and post vagal nerve
Ascending oesophageal br and veins
Hemiazygous and accesssory hemiazygous.
T8- IVC, Rt phrenic

Question 6

Middle Mediastinum

Answer 6

Heart
Pericardium
Great vessels
Phrenic

Question 7

Anterior Medastinum

Answer 7

Lymphnodes, Fat, remnants of thymus
Perforating br of internal mammary

Question 8

Strustures not part of Mediastinum

Answer 8

IVC
Trachea

Question 9

Constrictions of the Oesophagus

Answer 9

1- Cricopharyngeus 15 cm
2- Arch of aorta,
3. left principal brincus
4. 38-40 cm level of gastrooesophageal junction

Question 10

PArts of Oesophagus

Answer 10

Cervical
THoracic
Abdominal

Mucosa, submucosa, circular, longitudinal, adventitia

Epithelium- Squamous upper 1/3rd Stratified squamous

Upper 1/3rd- Inf thyroid art,
middle 1/3- Descending thoracic
lower1/3- Ascending br of left gastric art

Vein
Inf thyroi
Azygous, heiazygous
Lower oesophageal veins- portal circulation

Lymph-
* Deep cervical, paratracheal, tracheo brocheal
* MEdiastinal retrocardiadc
* Left gastric, diaphragmatic

Question 11

Manubriosternal joint is what kind of joint?

Answer 11

Secondary cartilagenous
Other egs. Pubic symphysis
xiphosternal

Question 12

Fibrous joint

Answer 12

RAdius/ulna
Tibia/fibula

Question 13

Structures at risk in midline sternotomy

Answer 13

Brachiocephalic artery, Left common carotid, left subclavian artery, Brachiocephalic veins, trachea, oesophagus, phrenic, both vagi, thoracic dust, left recurrent laryngeal and thymus in childrenR

Question 14

Relations of oesophagus in the thorax

Answer 14

Anterior
- Left common carotis art
- Trachea
- Left main bronchus
- pericardium

Posterior
Thoracic vertebrae
thoracic duct
hemiazygous vein
descending arota

left
- Left subclavian art
aortic arch
left vagus and recurrent laryngeal
thoracic duct
left pleura

Right
- Right pleaura
- Azygous

Question 15

Impressions of left lung

Answer 15

Aortic arch
Left ventricle
Descending aorta
Oesophagus(ant to descending aorta)

Question 16

Impressions on Right lung

Answer 16

(venous )
Azygous(post to oeso)
SVC
IVC
Oesophagus( behind hilum)

Question 17

HIlum of left lung

Answer 17

Left bronchus
Pul Art
Pul vein (inferior)

Question 18

Right hilum

Answer 18

Bronchus
Pul art
pul vein

Question 19

Branches of right coronary artery

Answer 19

Marginal
Aortic/Nodal
Post intraventricular

Question 20

Left Coronary

Answer 20

Circumflex
Ant Interventricular

Question 21

Becks Triad

Answer 21

1. Muffled heart sounds
2. Raised JVP
3. Hypotension

Question 22

Conduction system of the heart

Answer 22

SA node
AV node
In right atrium. Bith connected by anterior middle and posterior nodal br.
Bachmann bundle between right and left atrium
Bundle of his giving right and left br
Purkinje fibres in the ventricles