criminology

Question 1

psychological assumption

Answer 1

criminality is a result of biology

Question 2

lombroso atavism thoery

Answer 2

lombroso suggested that criminals were a separate species and where determined by their physical characteristics eg blood shot eyes and excessively long arms etc.

Question 3

weakness and strength of lombroso theory

Answer 3

strength:
it is deterministic which means and could be used to predict who’s a criminal in society.

weakness:
ignores nurture as it only focuses of nature.
little evidence supporting it.

Question 4

Sheldon’s theory somatotypes

Answer 4

Sheldon assumed their 3 body types called mesomorph, endomorph and ectomorph

Question 5

which somatotype was more likely to be criminal

Answer 5

mesomorph due to its thrill seeking characteristics it is deemed to be more likely to be criminal

Question 6

who is Phineas gage

Answer 6

Phineas gage is a railroad worker who had his prefrontal cortex destroyed and lost empathy

Question 7

what was Raines study

Answer 7

Raines study found abnormalities in criminals brains focusing on the prefrontal cortex

Question 8

raines findings

Answer 8

41 of the murders had less activity in their prefrontal cortex. this helped find why criminals have violent and impulsive behaviour

Question 9

gentic theory assumption

Answer 9

criminality is inherited due to genetic abnormalities

Question 10

crows theory

Answer 10

Crowe observed adopted children with/without biological criminal mothers

Question 11

crowe findings

Answer 11

50% of kids with biologically criminal mothers had a criminal record by 18 while 5% without.
this proves criminality is due to nature.

Question 12

Brunner warrior gene study

Answer 12

Brunner investigated a family in Netherlands whose males had be in crime. the males had mutations in their X chromosome resulting in deficiency in enzymes (MAOA) which became named the warrior gene.

Question 13

Jacob XYY study

Answer 13

Jacob studied a Scottish maximum security hospital. Jacob found 1/28 male Ps with XYY were describe as dangerous/violent criminals .
(1in1000 in general population).

Question 13

what do enzymes help breakdown

Answer 13

enzymes help breakdown serotonin

Question 14

Christiansen twin studies

Answer 14

studied 3500 twins in Denmark. identical (monozygotic) non identical (dizygotic) to find criminal concordance rates

Question 15

christensen findings

Answer 15

found concordance rates in MZ twins was 35 whereas DZ twins was 13. the more genetically similar the more similar in criminal behaviour.