ireland 1851-1886

Question 1

what was the problem with religion in Ireland in this period?

Answer 1

population was 90% catholic but church was protestant
had to pay 10% tithe to Church of England

Question 2

how effectively did Gladstone deal with the problem of religion?

Answer 2

disestablishment of the Irish church act 1869
got rid of 10% tithe
more religious freedom
£9 million given from church to poor law
north didnt like
to little too late
undermined protestant authority

Question 3

what was the main problem with land in Ireland in this period?

Answer 3

agricultural depression in 1873
tenants lived in terrible conditions
caused deep resentment against landowning class
landlords did little to improve farming conditions
many tenants felt that the rent was too high
causes land war 1874-1879
wanted 3 Fs : Free sale, fixity of tenure, and fair rent

Question 4

how effectively did Gladstone deal with the problem of land?

Answer 4

compensation for tenants for improvements made to their land if they had to give their land up
landlords could only evict tenants of they didn’t pay rent
didn’t achieve 3 Fs
land court set up to fix fair rents
peasants assured of fixity of tenure and freedom of sale but it was 10 years too late as they now wanted nationalisation

Question 5

what was the main problem with politics in Ireland in this period?

Answer 5

fenians after potato famine wanted independence
Parnell established as a public figure wanting Home Rule
more irish wanting Home Rule

Question 6

how effectively did Gladstone deal with the problem of politics?

Answer 6

kilmainham treaty - released Parnell from jail

Gladstone granted Home Rule after Phoenix Park murders, but too late as they now wanted independence
not very effective and just created problems in England

Question 7

when was the land league set up?

Answer 7

1879 - after land war

Question 8

what was the land league?

Answer 8

pressure group formed with the aim to reform land tenure system and gain security for tenant farmers

Question 9

Parnell background

Answer 9

protestnat - respected by parliament
american mother
became ‘uncrowned prince of Ireland’

Question 10

who were the fenians?

Answer 10

wanted complete republic through violence
Irish extremists

Question 11

what were the phoenix park murders?

Answer 11

Lord Cavendish - Gladstone’s relative was murdered by Fenians
provoked change to Home Rule

Question 12

how did the Secret Ballot Act 1872 cause growing support for Home Rule?

Answer 12

people could confidently vote for Home Rule supporters

Question 13

what were other reasons for the growing support for Home Rule?

Answer 13

growing militancy in Ireland after potato famine
many started to become constitutionalist
agricultural depression increased evictions
dis-satisfaction with both land acts
co-ersion was unpopular

Question 14

when was the agricultural depression?

Answer 14

1879-1882

Question 15

what decision did Parnell make after the Phoenix Park murders in 1882?

Answer 15

wanted to distance himself from Davitt and set up the Irish nationalist league
INL had support of catholic church

Question 16

third reform act

Answer 16

electorate increased from 224,000 to 738,000
liberals and conservative both want support of INL

Question 17

why did the INL do so well in the 1885 election and how did this push Home Rule to the top of the political agenda?

Answer 17

increased electorate
secreat ballot act
INL gained support from catholic church
held balancing power in parliament - could blackmail each party to grant HR

Question 18

results of 1885 election

Answer 18

CONS 249
LIBS 319
INR 86

Question 19

J Hammond interpretation on why Gladstone converted to HR

Answer 19

to settle anglo-irish relations

Question 20

E Steele interpretation on why Gladstone converted to HR

Answer 20

part of a general development on nationality
not specific to Ireland

Question 21

Cooke and Vincent interpretation on why Gladstone converted to HR

Answer 21

never expected HR to actually happen
party politics reasons

Question 22

Hamer interpretation on why Gladstone converted to HR

Answer 22

granting Home Rome would allow more time to be dedicated to reform in England

Question 23

successes of first land act 1870

Answer 23

less likely to be evicted
received compensation for improvements made to land

Question 24

failures of first land act 1870

Answer 24

limit on amount of compensation that they could receive
didn’t get 3Fs
Landlords could raise rent so tenants could be evicted
angered tenant farmers
British government seemed out of touch
led to land war

Question 25

successes of second land act 1881

Answer 25

granted 3 Fs
set up land courts where fair rent could be fixed
over the next few years, rent reduced by 25%

Question 26

failures of second land act 1881

Answer 26

now want nationalisation of land - came 10 years too late
land war didn’t stop
Parnell stopped it working told people not to pay rent
led to Parnell’s imprisonment - increased British hate

Question 27

successes of the coercion acts that occupies land acts

Answer 27

created order in Ireland
fall in support for Fenians
Fall in crime

Question 28

failures of the coercion acts that occupies land acts

Answer 28

more anger - British hate = support for Home Rule defeated
Protestants happy

Question 29

successes of Kilmainham treaty

Answer 29

parnell released
arrears abolished

Question 30

successes of the land purchases act 1885
Salisbury

Answer 30

gave loans to peasants to buy holding from landlord - £5 million given

Question 31

failures of land purchases act 1885
Salisbury

Answer 31

only done to kill home rule with kindness