M2: Cinema

Question 1

is a way of expressing ideas, attitudes, feelings, dreams, and fantasies to an audience through a series of images.

Answer 1

cinema

Question 2

a term that embraces many types of films or movies: cartoons, newsreels, commercials, industrial films social documentaries, and even home movies.

Answer 2

cinema

Question 3

Elements of Cinema

Answer 3

Time
Space
Sound

Question 4

The most important element of cinema.

Answer 4

Time

Question 5

is the time taken by an action as it is being filmed and as it is being projected on the screen.

Answer 5

Physical Time

Question 6

Physical Time in the cinema can be distorted through:

Answer 6

slow motion, accelerated motion, reverse motion, stopped motion

Question 7

happens when the camera takes pictures faster than the projector can show them on the screen.

Answer 7

slow motion

Question 8

occurs when the camera takes pictures slower than the projector can run them on the screen.

Answer 8

accelerated motion

Question 9

conveys an undoing of time. Commonly used in magic or comic effects.

Answer 9

reverse motion

Question 10

a sudden stop of the action of the sequence.

Answer 10

stopped motion

Question 11

Stopped motion is not often used. Instead of stopping the action of an otherwise moving sequence, still ______ are used.

Answer 11

photographs

Question 12

Time expressed within a shot is fixed and cannot be changed. But time can be altered between shots. It is possible to mix past, present, and future in any order through the use of _______

Answer 12

flashback and flash-forward.

Question 13

is our emotional impression of the duration of the action that we experience as we watch a film.

Answer 13

Psychological Time

Question 14

_____ consists of delaying the resolution of a situation so as to arouse and maintain interest. _____ is achieved by withholding something from the audience or from one of the characters. The passage of time seems slow because of our impatience or eagerness to get to the resolution.

Answer 14

Suspense

Question 15

refers to the time taken up by the events which are depicted in the film.

Answer 15

Dramatic Time

Question 16

The cinema may use a story-line that covers a single day in the life of a character or the whole history of a civilization. A story that embraces a long period of time may utilize flashbacks, include a prologue or an epilogue, or exclude the inessential since it can be controlled from shot to shot. A film that depicts a brief period of time may be extended through repetition of different aspects of the events or the inclusion of scenes which to us may seem to flash across the screen when in truth it covers a few minutes.

Answer 16

dramatic time

Question 17

on the screen is flat, and our perception of depth is just an illusion.

Answer 17

space

Question 18

The camera lens captures the images we see on the screen. When we look at a desk, we see several of its sides and feel its volume. A picture of it reveals what the camera has photographed. Unless an attempt is made to make the three dimensionality of the desk apparent, it will look flat on the screen. The three-dimensionality and “realness” of the desk and other objects are achieved through the use of _____, shooting angle and lighting – the rudiments of the art of the film.
objects are achieved through the use of _____, shooting angle and lighting – the rudiments of the art of the film.

Answer 18

scale

Question 19

refers to the size of objects on the screen and their relocation to the surrounding area.

Answer 19

Scale

Question 20

Three Different Types of Shots:

Answer 20

long shot, medium shot, close-up

Question 21

taken when the camera is positioned very far from the object and therefore there is a wide view on a small scale. Its purpose is to show the extent of the location and to show the relationship between the characters and the setting.

Answer 21

long shot

Question 22

taken from an average distance and is the view of medium extent on a medium scale. A person’s ___ shot would be his photograph from his head to his waist.

Answer 22

medium shot

Question 23

results from the camera which is situated to the close object that we can distinguish the smallest features of the object.

Answer 23

close-up

Question 24

another means used to give the illusion of depth in the film. By the position of _____, a film maker can create areas of light and dark, and increase or decrease depth.

Answer 24

lighting

Question 25

the camera may record scenes from different angles. Angles are varied to allow the director to show his concept of the object or character in the film.

Answer 25

shooting angles

Question 26

____can express subjectively what things are like as they are seen from the point of view of a character.

Answer 26

Shooting angles

Question 27

The director may take pictures from several angles:

Answer 27

vertically upwards, vertically downwards, and horizontally.

Question 28

Taking the picture of a building from below would show violent foreshortening. The building would appear larger than reality. A person filmed from the same angle may seem powerful, forceful, and majestic even if he is not so in person, since he appears to tower over the audience.

Answer 28

vertically upwards

Question 29

A shot taken at an angle above the object is called _______ It produces an effect opposite that of the vertically upward shot. The object seems small and insignificant, since we seem to see it from a great height. It makes us feel superior.

Answer 29

vertically downward shot.

Question 30

It creates an impression of closeness or equality among the characters on the scene: it makes the viewer feel that he is part of or on the same level as the characters.

Answer 30

horizontal

Question 31

produced differently from sound in the theatre. The film artist is free to select only those sounds that he deems useful and relevant to the unraveling of his thoughts and ideas. Just as he limits the focus of his camera to only those scenes that he finds significant, so can he select the sounds that he feels are equally significant and purposive. The intensity, pitch, volume and texture of these sounds are recorded in their optical equivalent on the strip of negatives parallel to the images. Then a light shining through the sound tract as the film is projected turns these optical variations back into sound waves which we hear through loudspeakers as we see the pictures on the screen.

Answer 31

SOUND

Question 32

the chronological flow of events is interrupted by images of past evebts

Answer 32

flashbacks

Question 33

the future events interrupt the forward movement

Answer 33

flash-forward