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Microanatomy > Old Exams and Quizzes > Flashcards

Old Exams and Quizzes Flashcards

1
Q

The layer of connective tissue located immediately beneath the epithelium which lines the lumen of the ureter is termed the:

A

lamina propria

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2
Q

A gland is described as a “mucosal gland” if:

A

it is contained in the tunica mucosa

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3
Q

List the two components of a uriniferous tubule.

A

Nephron and collecting duct

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4
Q

List two domestic mammals described as having multilobar (multipyramidal) kidneys:

A

Ox and the pig

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5
Q

The cells found in the tunica media of the afferent arteriole (to the renal corpuscle) respond to decreased blood pressure by producing and releasing the enzyme:

A

Renin

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6
Q

Pulmonary alveolar cell that has simple squamous epithelium is called:

A

Type I alveolar cell

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7
Q

Pulmonary alveolar cell that is the source of surfactant is is simple cuboidal is called:

A

Type II alveolar cell

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8
Q

What contains the membranous labyrinth in regards to the ear?

A

The inner ear

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9
Q

What communicates with the auditory (eustachian) tube in regards to the ear?

A

Middle ear

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10
Q

What is the conducting airway that lacks glands?

A

Bronchiole

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11
Q

The smallest airway that contains cartilage

A

Bronchus

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12
Q

Conducting airway found only in the lung

A

bronchiole

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13
Q

How many “basic tissues” are there and list them.

A

Four basic tissue: epithelial, connective tissue, muscle, and nervous tissue

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14
Q

A surface epithelium in which cells contact the basement membrane but not all of them reach the free surface is termed:

A

psuedostratified epithelium

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15
Q

any surface epithelium which consists of two or more layers of cells is referred to as:

A

stratified epithelium

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16
Q

The neuroglial cell that produces the myelin sheath in the central nervous system is the:

A

oligodendrocyte

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17
Q

The neuroglial cell that lines the central canal of the spinal cord and the ventricles of the brain is the:

A

ependymal cell

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18
Q

The bone cell that is multinucleated is the:

A

osteoclast

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19
Q

The bone cell that is most active in the synthesis of the organic matrix of the bone is the:

A

osteoblast

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20
Q

The bone cell that is most responsible for bone resporption is the:

A

osteoclast

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21
Q

True or False. The terms keratinized and cornified are synonymous.

A

True

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22
Q

True of False. Endothelium is the general term denoting the surface epithelium that lines the lumen of any tubular organ.

A

False

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23
Q

True or False. Elastic arteries have circularly oriented smooth muscle in the tunica adventitia.

A

False (only in the tunica media)

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24
Q

True or False. Muscular arteries typically contain a definitive internal elastic lamina.

A

True

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25
Q

The layer of the glomerular capsule that covers the glomerulus is the:

A

Visceral layer

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26
Q

The cells that compromise the visceral layer are referred to as:

A

Podocytes

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27
Q

The longest segment of the nephron is:

A

the proximal convoluted tubule

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28
Q

what segment of the nephron connects with an arched collecting tubule?

A

distal convoluted tubule

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29
Q

What segment of the nephron in the cortex displays a prominent brush border?

A

Proximal convoluted tubule

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30
Q

True or False. The efferent arteriole of outer cortical nephrons forms the peritubular plexus.

A

True.

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31
Q

True or False. Blood in the arcuate veins flows next into the interlobar veins.

A

True

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32
Q

True or False. Kidneys of the sheep and goat are described as multilobar.

A

False (the pig and the ox)

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33
Q

True or False. The cells of the tunica media of the efferent arteriole monitor sodium concentrations in the distal tubule.

A

False

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34
Q

True or false. Medullary rays are located in the renal pyramid.

A

False (they are located in the cortex and the renal pyramids are in the medulla)

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35
Q

True or False. ADH increases the permeability of the medullary collecting ducts to water.

A

True

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36
Q

What contains papillary ducts?

A

renal medulla

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37
Q

What contains renal pyramids?

A

renal medulla

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38
Q

What contains collecting tubules?

A

Both the renal medulla and the renal cortex

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39
Q

What contains renal papilla or renal crest?

A

Renal medulla

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40
Q

What contains the venulae rectae?

A

the renal medulla

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41
Q

What contains the interlobular arteries?

A

The renal cortex

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42
Q

What contains the renal corpuscles?

A

the renal cortex

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43
Q

What contains convoluted tubules?

A

the renal cortex

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44
Q

What contains renal lobes?

A

Both renal medulla and renal cortex

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45
Q

What cell is present in hemal nodes? (B, T, Both, or neither)

A

Both B and T cells

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46
Q

What is present in the spleen? (B, T, Both, or neither)

A

Both B and T cells

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47
Q

What is present in subepithelial lymphatic tissue? (B, T, Both, or neither)

A

Both B and T cells

48
Q

What differentiates into plasma cells? (B, T, Both, or neither)

A

B cells

49
Q

What cells are presentin the circulation? (B, T, Both, or neither)

A

B and T cells

50
Q

What cells are present in the lymph nodes? (B, T, Both, or neither)

A

Both B and T cells

51
Q

What cells are present in the follicles of the cloacal bursa? (B, T, Both, or neither)

A

B lymphocytes

52
Q

What cells are present in the tonsils? (B, T, Both, or neither)

A

Both B and T cells

53
Q

What is the main cell type in lymphatic nodules? (B, T, Both, or neither)

A

B cells

54
Q

Elastic arteries (large arteries) ….

A

When compared to other vessels, have the largest amount of elastin in the tunica media. They do NOT have longitudinally oriented smooth muscle in the tunica adventitia (this is only in elastic veins).

55
Q

Muscular arteries ….

A

Contain circularly oriented smooth muscle in the tunica media; contain a definitive internal elastic lamina; include the femoral and brachial arteries

56
Q

Large veins ….

A

Include the caudal vena cava; have circularly oriented smooth muscle in the tunica media, have longitudinally oriented smooth muscle in the tunica adventitia

57
Q

The stage of hair growth cycle in which hair matrix cells are active is:

A

anagen

58
Q

The ducts of merocrine glands empty …

A

onto the surface of the skin.

59
Q

The ducts of apocrine glands empty….

A

directly into hair follicles

60
Q

The cell of the epidermis that is derived from the embryonic neural crest is the:

A

melanocyte

61
Q

Arrector pili muscles contract when stimulated by _____ .

A

Norepinephrine

62
Q

The portion of the hair follicle that is continous with the stratum spinosum of the epidermis is the:

A

internal layer of the dermal rooth sheath

63
Q

The layer of the dermis that consists of dense, irregular, collagenous connective tissue is the:

A

reticular layer

64
Q

the cell of the epidermis that produces the stratum corneum is the:

A

keratinocyte

65
Q

The parietal layer of the glomerular (bowman’s) capsule consists of what kind of epithelium?

A

simple squamous epithelium

66
Q

baroreceptors in the kidney are located where?

A

In the afferent arteriole

67
Q

The epithelium that lines the lumen of the trachea is classified as:

A

psuedostratified, ciliated columnar epithelium

68
Q

Renin is produced by:

A

JG cells

69
Q

The segment of the uriniferous tubule whose function is directly influenced by vasopressin is the:

A

collecting duct

70
Q

True or False. The kidney cannot produce concentrated urine without aldosterone.

A

False

71
Q

True or False. The medullary ray is the center of the lobule of the avian kidney.

A

False

72
Q

True or False. The avian kidney consists of cranial, middle, and caudal divisions.

A

True

73
Q

True or false. The afferent arteriole of the outer cortical nephrons forms the peritubular plexus.

A

False

74
Q

True or False. The distal convoluted tubule is the longest segment of the nephron.

A

False

75
Q

True or false. Tracheal cartilages are composed of hyaline cartilage.

A

True

76
Q

True or false. Increased arterial pressure would result in increased aldosterone secretion.

A

False (decrease in pressure would result in this)

77
Q

True or false. Cells of the distal convoluted tubule possess ultrastructure of ion-transporting cells.

A

True

78
Q

True or False. Angiotensin II causes vasodilation.

A

False (vasoconstriction)

79
Q

Capillaries are ____ in muscle and are not _____ in the CNS.

A

Capillaries are continuous in the muscle and CNS, they are NOT fenestrated in the CNS.

80
Q

In the anagen phase of hair growth ….

A

the old hair is pushed out of the follicle

81
Q

All of the following are characteristics of hemal nodes:

A

No efferent or afferent lymph vessels, blood filled sinuses, capsule contains smooth muscle, lymphatic nodules

82
Q

Do hemal nodes have a thymus-dependent region?

A

No

83
Q

Does the monocyte-macrophage system include the polymorphonculear leukocytes?

A

No

84
Q

The reticular layer of the dermis contains:

A

dense, irregular collagenous connective tissue

85
Q

Arrector pili muscles …

A

are small smooth muscles that attach to hair follicles

86
Q

True of false. Lymphatic nodules are normally found in every primary lymphatic organ.

A

False

87
Q

The agranulocyte that becomes an antigen presenting cell is the:

A

monocyte

88
Q

True or false. Hormones do not influence hair growth.

A

False

89
Q

True or false. Hair is derived from ectoderm.

A

True

90
Q

True or false. Hairs are avascular.

A

True

91
Q

True or false. Merocrine glands are located in the footpads of the dog and cat.

A

True

92
Q

True or False. The apocrine type of sweat gland is the most common in domestic mammals.

A

True

93
Q

Memory cells …

A

are long lived, capable of blast transofrmation, are inactive until antigen is encountered, and ciruclate throughout the body providing antigenic surveillance

94
Q

The primary lymphatic organ present in both birds and mammals is:

A

thymus

95
Q

What segment of the nephron is located entirely in the renal medulla:

A

Distal convoluted tubule

96
Q

Is the distal convoluted tubule’s function regulated by aldosterone?

A

Yes

97
Q

What covers the glomerulus?

A

Bowman’s capsue

98
Q

What contains podocytes?

A

bowman’s capsule

99
Q

The region of the renal crest or papilla on which the papillary ducts open is called the:

A

area cribrosa

100
Q

the region of the renal corpuscle where the proximal convoluted tubule begins is called the:

A

tubular pole

101
Q

List the three components of a medullary ray:

A

proximal straight tubule
collecting duct
distal straight tubule

102
Q

List the two blood vessels that are located at the vascular pole of the renal corpuscle:

A

efferent arteriole

afferent arteriole

103
Q

True or falce. Hemal nodes are unique to ruminants.

A

True

104
Q

True or false. Hemal nodes are usually found near lymph nodes.

A

True

105
Q

True or false. Hemal nodes have only efferent lymph vessels.

A

False, none

106
Q

The only lymphatic organ that functions as a filter of lymph is the:

A

Lymph node

107
Q

The lympathic organ that contains hassall’s corpuscles is the:

A

thymus

108
Q

What is a primary lymphatic organ in birds, but not in mammals?

A

Cloacal bursa

109
Q

The thymus dependent zone of a lymph node consists of:

A

the paracortex

110
Q

What is a merkel cell?

A

the cell of the epidermis that is a touch receptor

111
Q

High endothelial venules are where:

A

circulating lymphocytes leave the blood and enter the lympathic organ

112
Q

True or False. Are osteoblasts part of the monocyte-macrophage system?

A

False (osteoclasts are)

113
Q

True or false. A capsule is covered by a tunica serosa in the spleen.

A

True

114
Q

True or false the stroma of the spleen contains reticular cells and reticular fibers.

A

True.

115
Q

Ture or false. A thymus dependent zone is not present in the spleen.

A

False

116
Q

True or False. T lymphocytes predominate in the periarterial lymphatic sheath.

A

True

117
Q

Do all secondary lymphatic organs contain a thymus-dependent zone?

A

Yes

Microanatomy (13 decks)

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