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Module 7 (Critical Care) > ICU Labs > Flashcards

ICU Labs Flashcards

1
Q

Liver Labs

A

Bilirubin
ALT
AST
Alkaline Phosphatase
Albumin
Total Protein
PT

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2
Q

Bilirubin normal lab

A

< 1mg/dL

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3
Q

Bilirubin level if jaundice occurs

A

> 2.5

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4
Q

What is bilirubin?

A

byproduct of RBC breakdown

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5
Q

PT normal

A

11-12.5 seconds

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6
Q

PT measures

A

clotting ability

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7
Q

Hematologic Labs

A

PT/INR
CBC

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8
Q

Cirrhosis can cause

A

deficiency in clotting factors

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9
Q

Cirrhosis does what to PT

A

PROLONGS

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10
Q

PT critical level

A

> 46
- means NO CLOTTING and will bleed out if hit or fall

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11
Q

INR normal level

A

0.8-1.1

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12
Q

If on an anticoagulant, what is the normal INR level for them?

A

2-3

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13
Q

INR is used to

A

measure the accuracy of PT

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14
Q

INR critical level

A

> 5

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15
Q

AST normal

A

0-35

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16
Q

AST sensitive to

A

heart and liver

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17
Q

AST shows what

A

when the liver is diseased/damaged and to what extent

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18
Q

AST is released into the bloodstream within

A

6-10 hours

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19
Q

AST lasts how long in the bloodstream

A

4 days

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20
Q

ALT sensitive to

A

liver, kidneys, heart, pancreas, and muscles

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21
Q

ALT normal

A

4-36

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22
Q

ALT measures

A

the liver is damaged/diseased

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23
Q

AST/ALT over 10000 weans

A

acetaminophen OD

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24
Q

Glucose normal

A

74-106 (70-110 in other places)

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25
Q

if glucose is low, this is caused by

A

liver impairment of glycogen release

26
Q

If the liver is in failure then what happens to glucose

A

no glucose is released but the pancreas still secretes insulin
resulting in dangerously low glucose levels

26
Q

WBC normals

A

5000-10000

27
Q

WBC >10,000 means what r/t liver

A

Acute liver injury
- infection
- trauma
- stress
- inflammation

28
Q

WBC <5,000 means what r/t liver

A

splenomegaly
(CHRONIC FAILURE / CIRRHOSIS)
- spleen retains WBCs and platelets
- pt susceptible to infection/bleeding

29
Q

splenomegaly with low WBCs leads mainly to what 2 infections

A

meningitis
pneumonia

30
Q

WBC critical levels

A

< 2000
> 40000

31
Q

CMP Labs affected by liver

A

Na, K, Mg (ALL LOW)

32
Q

electrolyte imbalances occur in liver due to

A

hepatorenal syndrome
use of diuretics

33
Q

Hypokalemia

A

<3.5

34
Q

K is passed through

A

kidneys

35
Q

Mg follows

A

K (HYPOMAGNESMIA)

36
Q

low Mg occurs in

A

kidney impairment

37
Q

low Na results from what

A

unable to release free water
sodium in the body becomes diluted
- low serum sodium

38
Q

Platelet normal

A

150-400

39
Q

Platelet critical

A

<50 or >1 million

40
Q

serious bleeding risk if platelets are

A

< 20

41
Q

what is often present with low platelets

A

petechiae
ecchymosis

42
Q

The spleen stores

A

platelets and WBCs
sequestration occurs with hypersplenism
-liver failure and cirrhosis

43
Q

Ammonia normal

A

10-80

44
Q

Ammonia does what

A

byproduct of protein metabolism in the gut

45
Q

Ammonia > 80 build-up results in

A

hepatic encephalopathy

46
Q

Lactic Acid normal

A

0.6-2.2

47
Q

How is lactic acid formed?

A

normally glucose is metabolized into CO2 and H2O for energy
- when there is limited O2 = anaerobic metabolism of glucose occurs and lactate is formed

48
Q

When the liver fails, what happens to lactase?

A

the liver fails to excrete lactate and furthers compound build-up = lactic acidosis = tissue hypoxia

49
Q

Creatinine normal

A

0.5-1.21

50
Q

Creatinine > 4 =

A

severe renal impairment

51
Q

Alkaline Phosphatase normal

A

30-120

52
Q

Alkaline Phosphatase increases in

A

cirrhosis (greatly)
less in
- hepatic tumors
- hepatotoxic drugs
- hepatitis

53
Q

Alkaline Phosphatase is sensitive to

A

metastatic cancer in the liver

54
Q

Hemoglobin normal

A

12-16

55
Q

Hemoglobin reflects

A

number of RBCs in the blood
transports O2 and CO2

56
Q

Hemoglobin/Hemtocrit is low in

A

anemia
bleeding

57
Q

When do you transfuse blood

A

< 7 Hgb - critical

58
Q

Hct normal
males
females

A

males 0.42-0.52
females 0.37-0.47

59
Q

Hct is what

A

percentage of total blood vol made up of RBCs

60
Q

Hct critical

A

< 21%

Module 7 (Critical Care) (22 decks)

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