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BMS 101 > Muscles > Flashcards

Muscles Flashcards

1
Q

The 4 unique characteristics of muscle tissue

A

Excitability: respond to input from stimuli

Contractility: muscle fibres can contract and shorten

Elasticity: when tension is removed muscle cells return to their original length

Extensibility: muscle fibres can be stretched beyond their resting length

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2
Q

Why are muscles considered organs

A

they contain all 4 tissue types

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3
Q

Characteristics of Skeletal Muscle Tissue

A

striated
usually attached to bone (bar most facial muscles)
multi-nulcei
voluntary control

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4
Q

functions of skeletal muscle tissue

A

for body movement
maitain posture
regulate temperature
storage and movement of materials
support

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5
Q

composition of muscles

A

muscle fibres (muscle cells)
blood vessels
nerves

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6
Q

organisation of muscles

A

muscle
fascicle
muscle fibre (muscle cells)
myofibrils
myofilaments (actin and myosin)

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7
Q

how many layers of CT do muscles have

A

3 layers composed of collagen and elastic fibres

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8
Q

what is the purpose of the CT in muscles

A

provides protection
site for blood vessels and nerve distribution
means for attachment to the skeleton

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9
Q

What are the 3 CT layers

A

Endomysium
Perimysium
Epimysium

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10
Q

The location and tissue type of each CT layer

A

Endomysium - surrounds and electrically insulates each muscle fibre, Areolar CT
Perimysium - surrounds the fascicles, dense irregular CT
Epimysium - surrounds the entire muscle, dense irregular CT

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11
Q

what are the names for muscle-specific plasma membrane, cytoplasm and smooth ER

A

sarcolemma
sarcoplasm
sarcoplasmic reticulum (regulates Ca2+)

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12
Q

name the thick and thin filaments

A

thick - Myosin
thin - Actin

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13
Q

what is sliding filament theory

A

the mechanism for contraction where the myosin heads ‘walk’ along the binding sites of the Actin

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14
Q

cardiac muscle fibre features

A

striated
y-shaped
one/two nuclei
joined by intercalated discs (gap junctions for communication)
autorhythmic
under involuntary control

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15
Q

Smooth muscle fibre features

A

short fusiform cells (tear drop)
single central nucleus
no striations
thin filaments attached to Dense Bodies
under involuntary control

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16
Q

name of the convergence of CT of muscles

A

Tendons

17
Q

What do Tendons join

A

Muscle to bone

18
Q

What do Ligaments join

A

Bone to bone

19
Q

name of the less moveable point of attachment of a muscle

A

origin (proximal end)

20
Q

name the more moveable point of attachment of a muscle

A

insertion (distal end)

21
Q

what is muscle tone

A

the constant tension in resting muscles, when motor units are randomly stimulated to avoid fatigue

22
Q

what is isometric contraction

A

when the length stays constant while tension is changing

23
Q

what is isotonic contraction

A

when the tension is constant, while length is changing

24
Q

what are the two stages of isotonic contaction

A

concentric contraction
eccentric contraction

25
Q

what is concentric contraction

A

when a muscle under tension shortens

26
Q

what is eccentric contraction

A

when a muscle under tension lenghtens

27
Q

what is the term for circular muscle fibre pattern

A

Orbicularis (ie. orbicular oris or orbicular oculi)

28
Q

what is the term for parallel muscle fibre pattern

A

Rectus (ie. Rectus abdominis)

29
Q

what is a convergent muscle pattern

A

when a muscle is widespread over a large area, and the fascicles come to a single common point.
ie. pectoralis major

30
Q

what is a pennate muscle pattern

A

when muscle fibres attach obliquely (on an angle) to the tendon (for a greater force production)

31
Q

what is a unipennate muscle pattern

A

a type of pennate muscle where all the fibres attach to a single side of the tendon
ie. extensor digitorum

32
Q

what is a bipennate muscle pattern

A

a type of pennate muscle where the fibres attach to two side of the tendon
ie. Rectus femoris

33
Q

what is a multipennate muscle pattern

A

a type of pennate muscle where multiple rows of muscle fibres attach to a tendon whose central tendon has branched into multiple tendons.
ie. Deltoid

34
Q

what is the Agonist

A

it is the focus. It produces a specific movment
the Prime Mover
ie. triceps brachii is the agonist of antibrachium extension

35
Q

what is the antagoinst

A

a muscle whose action apposes the agonist
ie. the biceps brachii is an antagonist to the triceps brachii

36
Q

what is the synergist

A

a muscle whose action supports the agonist to perform its action

BMS 101 (10 decks)

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