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economics theme 3 > Demand for Labour > Flashcards

Demand for Labour Flashcards

1
Q

What kind of demand is labour

A

Derived demand as a rise demand for labour comes from a rise in demand in a certain industry

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2
Q

MRPL

A

Marginal Revenue Product of Labour

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3
Q

Explain MRPL

A

Extra revenue gained by the firm from employing one more worker, firms will only higher one more worker they add more to revenue than they do to cost

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4
Q

MCL

A

Marginal cost of labour, the cost of hiring one more worker or the wage in a perfectly competitive labour market

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5
Q

What does it mean if MRPL is equal to MCL

A

This is the optimum number of workers to employ to maximise profits

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6
Q

What does it mean if MRPL is above MCL

A

A firm could employ more workers and increase profits

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7
Q

What doe sit mean if MRPL is below MCL

A

Firm is costing itself by employing too many workers

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8
Q

How to calculate MRPL

A

MPPL X MR

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9
Q

what is MPPL

A

output/physcial product produced by an additional worker

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10
Q

What shape is MRP curve

A

like ppf

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11
Q

What is the MRP curve the same as

A

Demand curve

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12
Q

Factors affecting demand of labour

A
  • Wage rate
  • Demand for the product or service
  • Productivity of labour
  • Substitutes for labour
  • Profitability of firms
  • Number of firms in the market
  • Government regulation
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13
Q

How does wage rate affect demand of labour

A

Inverse relationship between wage rate and quantity of workers, demand for labour will fall when wage rates begin to rise

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14
Q

How does productivity affect demand of labour

A

Higher levels of productivity the higher the demand for the worker, productivity can be increased with training and education.

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15
Q

unit labour costs

A

Labour cost per unit of output, so higher the unit labour cost the lower the productivity

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16
Q

Why will wage rate increase not always cause a decrease in demand

A

If the worker had an equivalent productivity increase then demand wouldn’t change as the unit labour cost would remain thesame

17
Q

How does product demand affect demand of labour

A

Demand for labour is derived from the product it is needed to produce so a rise in demand for wheat product causes a risen demand of labour

18
Q

How does substitutes for labour affect demand of labour

A

If labour can be replaced by cheaper capital like machinery then demand for labour will fall

19
Q

How does profitability of the firm affect demand of labour

A

The more profitable the firm the more labour they can afford to employ so demand increases

20
Q

How does the number of firms in the market affect demand of labour

A

The more firms in the industry the higher the demand for labour as more labour is needed, monopsony.

21
Q

How does government regulation affect demand of labour

A

More regulations on a firm the more costly it is to operate so they will demand less labour

22
Q

What does it mean when demand for labour is elastic

A

Small wage changes cause large changes in the quantity of labour demanded

23
Q

What does it mean when demand for labour is inelastic

A

Large wage changes cause small changes to the quantity of labour demanded

24
Q

What makes demand for labour more elastic

A
  • If labour can be substituted easily for capital
  • The more elastic the good that is being produced
  • If wages are a larger proportion of a firms costs
25
Q

What makes demand for labour more inelastic

A
  • If the job has low occupational mobility, high skill with many qualifications
  • If the good is inelastic
  • If wages take up a smaller proportion of total costs
26
Q

What is demand for labour in the short and long run

A

In the short run it is more inelastic as changes are more difficult to make, but in the long run firms can plan ahead to replace labour making it more elastic

27
Q

Example of a monopsonist labour market

A

London Underground

economics theme 3 (19 decks)

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