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Parasitology I > Amoeba & Ciliates > Flashcards

Amoeba & Ciliates Flashcards

1
Q

what are amoeba?

A

protozoa, infects wide variety of species (inc. humans)

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2
Q

what type of parasites are amoeba?

A

facultative
aka do NOT require host to live, just feed

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3
Q

what are the most important amoeba in vet med?

A

Entramoeba histolytica
Entramoeba invadens
Ancanthamoeba spp
Naegleria fowleri

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4
Q

Entramoeba histolytica affect which species?

A

dogs, cats, humans

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5
Q

Entramoeba invadens affects which species?

A

reptiles

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6
Q

Acanthamoeba spp affect which species?

A

humans, can rarely affect vet species

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7
Q

Naegleria fowleri affects which species?

A

humans, primates, cattle

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8
Q

describe the cyst stage of amoeba

A

round
non-motile
environmentally resistant

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8
Q

describe the trophozoite stage of amoeba

A

amoeboid
motile
feeding/pathogenic stage!!!

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8
Q

what are the two life stages of amoeba?

A

trophozoites
cysts

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9
Q

can amoeba cysts be infectious?

A

yes, if ingested

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10
Q

amoeba routes of infection

A

fecal-oral
nasal mucosa (inhaled)
eye
skin abrasions

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11
Q

what parts of the body can amoeba effect?

A

intestinal, extraintestinal, liver, lung, brain

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12
Q

which nerve allows movement of amoeba to the brain?

A

olfactory nerve

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13
Q

list the mechanisms of amoebic infection pathogenesis?

A

malabsorption
direct tissue destruction
incite inflammatory response

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14
Q

ID the life stage of Entamoeba histolytica

A

cyst

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15
Q

ID the red and yellow circles. which amoeba life stage and species is it?

A

cyst of Entamoeba histolytica
red = 4 nuclei
yellow = blunt chromatoidal bar

16
Q

ID the life stage of Entamoeba histolytica amoeba

A

trophozoite

17
Q

ID the red and blue circles. which amoeba life stage and species is it?

A

red = 1 nucleus
blue = central karyosome
Entamoeba histolytica

18
Q

what is a karyosome?

A

endosome in the trophozoite of Entamoeba histolytica

19
Q

Entamoeba histolytica is morphologically indistinguishable from ___

A

Entamoeba invadens

20
Q

who is Entamoeba invdens NOT transmissible to?

A

mammals

21
Q

does Entamoeba invadens have reservoir hosts?

A

yes
some reptiles are resistant

22
Q

which reptiles are most susceptible to Entamoeba invadens?

A

boas, colubrids, vipers, crotalids

23
Q

which amoeba is this?

A

Entamoeba invadens
intestinal
Transmural necrohemorrhagic enterocolitis

24
Q

what are clinical signs of Entamoeba invadens?

A

anorexia, V, mucoid/hemorrhagic D, sudden death

25
Q

Loss of ___ predisposes reptiles with Entamoeba invadens to sepsis

A

intestinal barrier

26
Q

what type of Entamoeba invadens is this?

A

intestinal
Transmural necrohemorrhagic colitis

27
Q

describe Entamoeba invadens enterocolitis

A

subsequent hepatitis following hematogenous dissemination via portal vein

28
Q

which life stage of Acanthamoeba is this?

A

trophozoite

29
Q

which life stage of Acanthamoeba is this?

A

cyst

30
Q

ID the arrows in a Acanthamoeba trophozoite

A
31
Q

ID the arrows in a Acanthamoeba cyst

A
32
Q

what’s the main transmission mode of Naegleria fowleri?

A

inhalation

33
Q

can you get infected by swallowing water contaminated with Naegleria?

A

NO

34
Q

ID the issue caused by Naegleria fowleri

A

primary amoebic meningocephalitis (PAM)

35
Q

what’s the drug of choice for amoeba?

A

Metronidazole
inhibits DNA synthesis
NOT in food animals

36
Q

what are ciliates?

A

has TWO life stages (trophozoite and cyst)
cilia are all around
dimorphic nucleus
macronucleus
>1 micronuclei

37
Q

what type of parasite are cilia?

A

commensal
rarely cause disease

38
Q

is this amoeba or ciliate?

A

ciliate

39
Q

Answer the following

A

Parasitology I (8 decks)

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