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Z Criminology > 1.1 > Flashcards

1.1 Flashcards

1
Q

Norms

A

Specific rules or socially accepted standards that directs behaviour in particular situations

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2
Q

Values

A

General principles or guidelines for how we should live our lives

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3
Q

Moral codes

A

A set of basic rules, values and principles, held by an individual, group, organisation or society as a whole

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4
Q

Formal Sanction

A

Punishment for breaking written rules or laws. Imposed by official bodies eg courts, school etc.

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5
Q

Informal sanctions

A

Disapproval shown to a person for breaking unwritten rules, such as telling off or ignoring them

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6
Q

Positive sanctions

A

Rewards for behaviour society approves of eg praise or medal

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7
Q

Social control

A

Ways in which society seeks to control our behaviour and ensure we conform to its norms

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8
Q

Actus reus

A

Latin for “guilty act”

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9
Q

Mens rea

A

Latin for “guilty mind”

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10
Q

Fines

A

Financial penalties dependent on seriousness of offence and ability to pay

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11
Q

Conditioned discharge

A

An offender may avoid prison if they commit no offences in a given time period

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12
Q

Absolute discharge

A

Defendant is guilty but court decides punishment is not appropriate

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13
Q

ViSOR

A

Violent and Sex Offenders Register

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14
Q

Deviance

A

Behaviour that differs from the norm, breaks social convention and is unusual

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15
Q

Crime (Legal and Social)

A

Legal- Action that is forbidden by the criminal law. Two key elements; actus reus and mens rea
Social- Action that breaks a set of norms

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16
Q

Expections to the legal definition-
Strict liability

A

Mens rea is not always required, the wrongful act alone can be enough to secure a conviction.

17
Q

Exceptions to the legal definition-
Self-defence

A

Even though it’s actus reus it’s not mens rea as it’s for your own protection

18
Q

Social definition of criminal behaviour; 3 points

A

•Differing views
•Law enforcement
•Law-making

19
Q

Social definition-
Differing views

A

Different people have a different idea of what’s seen as a crime

20
Q

Social Definition-
Law enforcement

A

Not all criminal laws are enforced; some are not prioritised. Inorder not to focus on crimes which will waste time

21
Q

Social Definition-
Law-making

A

Not all acts people think should be criminal become against the law. Sometimes laws are changed depending on public opinion

22
Q

Examples of formal sanctions

A

•Custodial sentences
•Community sentences

23
Q

Summary offences

A

less serious, tried by magistrate

24
Q

indictable offences

A

more serious, tried in crown court with a judge and jury

Z Criminology (4 decks)

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