Molar Incisor Hypomineralisation & Asthma Flashcards
What is molar incisor hypomineralisation?
disturbance of enamel formation resulting in a reduced mineral content,, systemic origin of 1-4 first permanent molars with affected incisors
What teeth are affected in molar incisor hypomineralisation?
- first permanent molars
- central incisors
- lateral incisors
- second primary molars
What information about asthma should be gained from a history?
- length of time since diagnosis
- medication used to treat
- length of time taking medications
- any hospitalisations due to asthma
- how long since last hospitalisation
- triggers for acute attacks
What are the possible dental implications for asthma?
- no fluoride varnish
- if hospitalised in the last 12 months
- erosion
- excess stomach acid in mouth
- inhalers relax oesophageal sphincter
What is asthma?
a common lung condition that causes occasional breathing difficulties due to inflammation of pathways in the lungs causing temporary narrowing
What are the symptoms of asthma?
- wheezing
- whistling sound on breathing
- breathlessness
- tight chest
- coughing
What are the symptoms of an asthma attack?
- constant wheezing
- coughing and chest tightness
- inability to eat, speak or sleep
- increased breathing rate
- tachycardia
- drowsiness
- confusion
- exhaustion
- dizziness
- blue lips/fingers
- fainting
What treatments are available to manage the symptoms of asthma?
- reliever inhalers
- usually blue
- salbutamol
- taken when symptoms occur
- preventer inhalers
- usually brown
- beclometasone
- taken daily to prevent symptoms
- combined inhaler
- used if reliever and preventer do not control
- tablets
- leukotriene receptor antagonist
- LTRAs
- theophylline
- steroid tables
- leukotriene receptor antagonist
What are possible triggers for asthma?
- common
- allergies
- smoke
- pollution
- cold air
- exercise
- infection
- anti-inflammatory painkillers
- aspirin
- ibuprofen
- stress
- laughter
- mould
- damp
- occupational triggers
- isocyanates
- spray paint
- flour/grain dust
- colophony
- latex
- animals
- wood dust
- isocyanates
What can increase the risk of developing asthma?
- allergy related conditions
- family history of asthma
- previous bronchiolitis
- childhood tobacco exposure
- smoking during pregnancy
- premature birth
- low birth weight
What are the possible complications of asthma?
- usually for poorly controlled asthma
- fatigue
- stress
- anxiety
- depression
- regular GP/hospital appointments
- lung infections
- growth delay
- life threatening asthma attacks
What diagnostic tests can be carried out for asthma?
- FeNO test
- nitrous oxide level in breath measured
- indicates levels of inflammation in lungs
- spirometry
- rate of expiration
- lung capacity
- peak flow
- rate of expiration
What are the timescales for formation of first permanent molars?
- week 17 gestation
- derived from lamina dura
- 3 years
- coronal development complete
- 6-7 years
- eruption
- 9-10 years
- root formation
What factors influence successful interceptive first permanent molar removal?
- radiographic evidence
- second permanent molar
- early mineralisation of bifurcation
- second permanent molar
- mesio-distal angulation of SPM
- TPM present
- 8-10 years old
- if early SPM can rotate and drift
When are compensating extractions required?
- removal from the opposing quadrant
- recommended when extracting lower FPM
- prevents overeruption
