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PAP Mod 6 Micro > Gram Negative Bacteria > Flashcards

Gram Negative Bacteria Flashcards

1
Q

Escherichia coli

A

Normally found in GI
Become pathogenic only when they reach tissues outside of their normal intestinal sites

EPEC: infant and children’s diarrhea ENTEROPATHOGENIC
ETEC: traveler’s diarrhea (Montezuma’s revenge) ENTEROTOXIGENIC
EIEC: similar to shigellosis ENTEROINVASIVE
EHEC: verotoxin; bloody diarrhea ENTEROHEMORRHAGIC
UTI
Sepsis
Meningitis

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2
Q

Klebsiella pneumoniae

A

2nd most common cause of G(-) sepsis
Pneumonia
Contains a capsule

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3
Q

Proteus mirabilis

A

Very motile, alkaline urine that hydrolyze urea to ammonia
Common cause of UTI and nosocomial infections

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4
Q

Shigella dysenteriae

A

Fluorescent
Non-motile; non-lactose fermenter
Highly adapted to humans
Acid resistant
Shiga toxin: inactivates 60s ribosomes

DYSENTERY: Diarrhea + colon inflammation

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5
Q

Salmonella sp definition

A

Mostly motile; non-lactose fermenter
Most produce H2S
Form acid in glucose and mannose
Lives in GI of animals

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6
Q

Salmonella sp example

A
  1. Typhoid fever – S. typhi
    DOC: Chloramphenicol, Ciprofloxacin, Ceftriaxone
  2. Sepsis – S. choleraesius
  3. Diarrhea/Gastroenteritis – S. enetritidis
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7
Q

Formations of flagella

A

Monotrichous- 1 flagella
Lophotrichous- 2/more flagella
Amphitrichous- 2 side 1 flagella on each side
Peritrichous- surrounded

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8
Q

Vibrio cholerae

A

Curved bacilli
Exotoxin: cholera toxin
Watery diarrhea: “rice watery” stools
Not an invasive infection

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9
Q

Helicobacter pylori

A

Spiral shaped, highly motile, microaerophilic
Produce large amounts of urease (ulceration destroy protective layer)
Adherence factors, motility, mucinase
Gastritis, gastric/duodenal ulcers

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10
Q

Haemophilus influenzae

A

Small uniform coccobacillus
Aerobic or facultative anaerobe
Encapsulated
6 distinct antigenic types
Growth factors (X,Y)
Causes meningitis, epiglottitis, septic arthritis, sepsis
Lab diagnosis: Chocolate agar
S/s: Flu-like

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11
Q

Haemophilus aegyptius

A

Aka Koch-Week’s bacillus, H.infuenzae biotype III
CM: Conjunctivitis (pus formation and red sclera)

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12
Q

Haemophilus ducreyi

A

CM: soft chancre known as chancroid (hard chancre –CM of syphilis)
S/S: ulcerative lesions in genitalia, Lymphadenitis in the groin area

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13
Q

Brucella

A

B. abortus (cow)
B. suis (swine)
B. cannis (dog)
B. miletensis (goat)

CM: Brucellosis aka Malta fever, undulant fever, Bang’s dse
TERATOGENIC

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14
Q

Yersinia pestis

A

CM: Bubonic plague aka black death, black plague
S/S: buboes (wound)
Rodents – rat flea (vector) – humans

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15
Q

Francisella tularensis

A

CM: Tularemia aka rabbit fever, deer fly fever
S/s: swollen lymph glands

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16
Q

Bordetella pertussis

A

“Whooping cough”
Fastidious coccobacilli
(+) capsule in virulent strains
Strict aerobe

17
Q

Legionella pneumophila

A

Facultative intracellular
Aerobic, fastidious
Natural habitat is water
Causes Legionnaire’s disease and Pontiac fever
Transmitted via Aircon
S/s: pneumonia-like

18
Q

Neisseria meningitides

A

Diplococci
Meningococcus
Glucose and maltose fermenter
Piliated
Meningitis, meningococcemia

19
Q

Neisseria gonnorheae

A

Gonorrhea, STD (uncontrollable drip)
PID
Gonococcal ophthalmia neonatorum- normal delivery DOC: Erythromycin

20
Q

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

A

Motile, obligate aerobic rods
Occurs as single bacterium, in pairs in short chains
Not ferment CHO
UTI, pneumonia

21
Q

Pigments produced by P. Aeruginosa:

A

Pyocyanin
Pyoverdin
Pyorubin
Pyomelanin

22
Q

Chlamydia and Rickettsiae

A

Small, obligate, intracellular (only grow inside cell)
Energy parasites
Contain DNA and RNA
Can synthesize own CHONS

23
Q

Chlamydia

A

Elementary Bodies (EB): infective form
Reticulate Bodies (RB): non-infective form
Causes conjunctivitis, cervicitis, pneumonia
1. C. trachomatis- inclusion conjunctivitis
2. C. pneumoniae- atypical
3. C. psittaci- colorful bird infection through inhalation aka ornithosis

24
Q

Rickettsia

A

Pleomorphic coccobacilli
Peptidoglycan-ctg muraminic acid and diaminopimelic acid
Growth enhanced by sulfonamides
Vector: transmitted via ticks, mites, louse, fleas
ID test: Weil-Felix Test
s/s: diffused rashes from arthropod bite
Rx: TCN, Chloramphenicol, increased resistance to sulfonamides

25
Q

Rickettsia rickettsii

A

Vector: wood tick or dog tick
Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever
Fever, conjunctival redness, severe headache, rash

26
Q

Rickettsia prowazekii

A

CM: Brill-Zinser’s Dse/epidemic typhus (vector = louse)

27
Q

Rickettsia typhi

A

Murine typhus (Rat flea)

28
Q

Orientia tsutsugamushi

A

CM: Scrub Typhus (vector = mite)

29
Q

Rickettsia akari

A

CM: Rickettsial Pox (vector = mite)

30
Q

Rickettsia australis

A

CM: Queensland Tick Fever (vector = tick)

31
Q

Spirochetes

A

Corkscrew movement
Spiral, motile
Have axial filaments (ENDOFLAGELLA)
Treponema, Borrelia, Leptospira

32
Q

Treponema pallidum

A

STD hard chancre
Microaerophilic
Darkfield microscopy, immunofluorescence, silver stains
Causes syphilis
CM: Syphilis

33
Q

Types of treponema pallidum

A
  1. Congenital (newborn, during 4th month)
    s/s: keratoconjunctivitis, perforated palate, saddle nose, patchy mucus membrane, Hutchinson’s teeth
    ID test: Flruoresent Treponema test
  2. Acquired/STD
    1st Stage: hard chancre
    2nd Stage: condylema – macupapular rash with cigar butt like burn
    Latent: Several years
    3rd Stage: gummas characterized by CNS problems
    ID test: venereal dse research lab test (VDRL), Rapid plasma regain
    Rx: Pen G (DOC) – administer at gluteus maximuss
34
Q

Borrelia recurrentis

A

Highly flexible
Can be cultured in fluid media (blood serum and tissue)
Causes Relapsing fever
White footed mouse and white tailed deer

35
Q

Borrelia burgdorferi

A

CM: Lyme’s disease
Vector: Ixodes tick
S/s: erythema chronicum migrans, bull’s eye rash

36
Q

Leptospira interrogans

A

Tightly coiled, thin, flexible
Causes Leptospirosis/Weil’s Dse
Culture: Fletcher’s media
Commonly from rodents but may be from dogs, bats, squirrels
Acquired by humans from contaminated water
S/s: nephritis, meningitis, conjunctivitis, splenomegaly, jaundice
Rx: Doxycycline

37
Q

Mycoplasma pneumoniae

A

Plastic, pleomorphic shape
Ribosomes Lacks peptidoglycan cell wall
Enclosed by lipid bilayer membrane
Can’t synthesize sterol
Smallest known free-living self-replicating prokaryotic cell
Produces “walking pneumonia”
Resistant to Penicillin, Cephalosporin, Vancomycin

NOSOCOMIAL
Highly resistant to CW Inhibitors

PAP Mod 6 Micro (10 decks)

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