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Human Physiology And Pathophysiology > Skeletal System (Midterm) > Flashcards

Skeletal System (Midterm) Flashcards

1
Q

In infants most of the skeleton is

A

Cartilage

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2
Q

Strong flexible tissue

A

cartilage

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3
Q

Over time the cartilage is
replaced by solid bone,
usually complete by the
time you stop growing.

A
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4
Q

Not all cartilage is
replaced in adults. Many
joints contain cartilage,
protecting the ends of
bones (ears and the end
of the nose is also
cartilage).

A
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5
Q

How many % of bone in adult body weigth

A

20%

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6
Q

Bone is made up of minerals which is

A

Calcium
Phosphorus

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7
Q

Types of Bone Cell

A

Osteogenic Cell
Osteoblast
Osteocyte
Osteoclast

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8
Q

Other term for Osteogenic Cell

A

Osteoprogenitor Cell

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9
Q

are mitotically active stem
cells found in the membranous periosteum and endosteum.

A

Osteogenic Cell

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10
Q

mature bone cells; monitor and maintain the bone matrix

A

osteocytes

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11
Q

bone-forming cells; synthesize and secrete collagen matrix and calcium salts

A

Osteoblast

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12
Q

giant bone-destroying cells
Break down bone matrix for remodeling and release of calcium in
response to parathyroid hormone

A

Osteoclast

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13
Q

Bone remodeling is performed by both

A

Osteoclast and Osteoblast

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14
Q

Process of bone formation

A

Ossification

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15
Q

Ossification occurs in

A

Hyaline Cartilage Model
Fibrous Membrane

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16
Q

Types of Ossification

A

Intramembranous ossification
Endochondral ossification

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17
Q

Both type of bone formation result in

A

Compact and Spongy Bone

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18
Q

Bone formation that occurs within connective tissue membranes
Occurs when osteoblasts begin to produce bone within CT
Bones of the skull

A

Intramembranous Ossification

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19
Q

Bone formation that occurs inside hyaline cartilage
Cartilage model is replaced by bone

A

Endochondral Ossification

20
Q

bone formation in the diaphysis of a long bone

A

Primary Ossification Center

21
Q

bone formation in the epiphysis

A

Secondary Ossification Center

22
Q

Bone Growth

A

Appositional Growth
Interstitial Growth

23
Q

Bone Growth from outside

A

Appositional Growth

24
Q

Bone growth from within

A

Interstitial Growth

25
Q

Bones grow in width
▪ Osteoblasts in the periosteum add bone matrix to
the outside of the diaphysis
Osteoclasts in the endosteum remove bone from
the inner surface of the diaphysis

A

Appositional Growth

26
Q

Bones expands
Lacunae bound chondrocytes divide and secrete new matrix

A

Interstitial Growth

27
Q

Bone growth is controlled by ___ especially

A

Hormones
Growth and Sex Hormones

28
Q

Break in a Bone

A

Fractures

29
Q

Type of Bone Fracture

A

Close (Simple) Fracture
Open (Compound) Fracture

30
Q

Break that does not penetrate the skin

A

Close (Simple) Fracture

31
Q

broken bone that penetrates
through the skin

A

Open (Compound) Fracture

32
Q

Bone fracture are treated by

A

Reduction and Immobilization

33
Q

bones are manually coaxed into position by physician’s hands

A

closed reduction

34
Q

Bone are secured with pins or wires during surgery

A

Open reduction

35
Q

Healing of fracture is up to

A

6-8 weeks

36
Q

Repair of bone fractures involves four major events

A

Hematoma
Fibrocartilage Callus
Bony Callus replaces fibrocartilage cal
Bone remodeling

37
Q

Common Types of Fracture

A

Comminuted
Compression
Depressed
Impacted
Spiral
Greenstick

38
Q

Bone breaks into 3 or more fragments
Common in older people as bone are more brittle

A

Comminuted

39
Q

Bone is Crushed
Common in Porous Bone

A

Compression

40
Q

Broken bone ends are forced into each other
Occurs when someone attemps to break a fall with outstretched arms

A

Impacted

41
Q

Ragged break occurs when excessive twisting forces are applied to the bone
Common sports fracture

A

Spiral

42
Q

Bone breaks incompletely, much in the way a green twig breaks
Common in children where it is more flexible that adults

A

Greenstick

43
Q

Function of Skeletal System

A

Support
Assistance in Movement
Protection
Blood Cell Formation
Storage
Triglyceride Storage

44
Q

consists mainly of adipose cells, which store triglycerides. The stored triglycerides are a potential chemical energy reserve.

A

Yellow bone marrow

45
Q

produces red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets, a process called

A

Red bone marrow
Hematopoiesis

46
Q

Broken bone portion is pressed inwards
Typical of skull fracture

A

Depressed

Human Physiology And Pathophysiology (4 decks)

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