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Biology 451 > 2. How should we care about biodiversity > Flashcards

2. How should we care about biodiversity Flashcards

1
Q

Is biodiversity loss accelerating or deaccelerating?

A

Accelerating

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2
Q

what level is our climate risk at rn ?

A

Moderate

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3
Q

What are some unique, threatened systems

A

Indigenous people
coral reeefs
arctic areas

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4
Q

what are the 3 major systems (values) used to justify the conservation of biodiversity?

A

intrinsic
instrumental
relational

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5
Q

what is intrinsic value

A

Nature for nature’s sake

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6
Q

what is instrumental values

A

nature for the goods and services it provides humans

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7
Q

what is relational values

A

nature for relationships that foster a sense of identity, social responsibility and emotional well-being

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8
Q

is science value-neutral or objective

A

no

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9
Q

What are morals

A

personal compass of what is right or wrong

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10
Q

what are ethics

A

rules or norms that are governed by external source
peer norms
religious norms

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11
Q

how do humans usually pick the one species right to exist?

A

We pick the one most similar to us

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12
Q

what does intrinsic values focus on

A

pain or suffering animals can have
animal welfare
human treatment, ethical treatment

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13
Q

what are some direct ways that human harm organisms

A

hunting and poaching

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14
Q

what are some indirect ways that human harm organisms

A

fishing traps catching wrong animals
hunting traps
polar ice melting , polar bears suffering

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15
Q

sentient meaning

A

responsive or conscious of sense impresssions

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16
Q

holistic ethical arguments meaning

A

create conflict with individualistic arguments for animal welfare

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17
Q

what is an example of a holistic ethical argument

A

rats are invasive species so removing them may help ecosystem rebalancing; conflict occurs

18
Q

what do instrumental values focus on

A

benefits nature can provide for humans to meet materialistic needs and desiresw

19
Q

what is the most attractive approach of valueing biodiversity according to governments

A

instrumental values

20
Q

how do instrumental valuation of biodiversity and economic arguments clash

A

making deerfoot trail was needed for human travelling, and was seen as more important that floodplain diversity

21
Q

what is the utilitarian calculus

A

evaluating how much biodiversity can be loss due to economic interest

22
Q

Examples of direct use instrumental value

A

cutting down trees for fuel

23
Q

Examples of indirect use instrumental value

A

wetland providing moisture to soak into crops the farmers are planting

24
Q

Examples of non use value, instrumental value

A

moutnains in banff have existence value
intact nature for future generations to enjoy

25
Q

Examples of option value, instrumental value

A

using mole rats for cancer research

26
Q

what is relational values really about

A

people, the land and non human rganisms
happiness, identity, emotional well-being
sense of purpose

27
Q

what is intrinsic value (moral )

A

based on right or wrong
all species have right to exist

28
Q

what is intrinsic value (ethical )

A

based on social norms and confuct
unethical to give pain to another living being

29
Q

what is intrinsic value (religious )

A

belief in higher power
god gave me stewardship for his or her creation

30
Q

relational values - personal and cultural identity

A

nature important to me and my cultures

31
Q

relational values - social responsibility

A

a waay to connect with and care for oothers

32
Q

relational values -historical and education

A

our place in life. we know human history and where we fit in tree of life

33
Q

relational values - biophilia

A

connecting with nature gives me satisfaction

34
Q

relational values -aesthetic

A

the beauty of nature gives me an emotional, fulfilling experience

35
Q

what is common between 3 values

A
  • justicee to future generations
    respects earth’s biophysical limits
36
Q

difference between 3 values

A

only instrumental can lead to an unsustainable future

37
Q

what are major ethical worldviews

A

ecocentrism
biocentrism
anthropocentricism
pluricentrism

38
Q

what is ecocentrism

A

most outer layer
biocentric valuation to ecoystems and places
land ethics
deep ecology

39
Q

what is biocentrism

A

intrinsic values
individualistic welfarist ethics
focuses on living things

40
Q

what is anthroopocentrism

A

people are all valued
humans dominating nature is justified

41
Q

technocentrism is related to which worldview

A

anthropocentrism

42
Q

pluricentrism meaning

A

oneness with nature, everythign together

Biology 451 (13 decks)

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