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endocrine > the hypothalamus and pituitary > Flashcards

the hypothalamus and pituitary Flashcards

1
Q

What kind of function does the hypothalamus have

A

neuroendocrine

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2
Q

What kind of chemicals are released by the hypothalamus

A

neurohormones

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3
Q

What connects the hypothalamus to the pituitary

A

The infundibulum which is an extension of the hypothalamus

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4
Q

How does the hypothalamus communicate with the anterior pituitary

A

neurohormones

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5
Q

What connects the anterior pituitary to the hypothalamus

A

capillary portal system

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6
Q

What is another name for the anterior pituitary

A

adenohypophysis

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7
Q

How much of the pituitary does the anterior and pituitary make up

A

anterior - 2/3
posterior - 1/3

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8
Q

What produces the neurohormones which the posterior pituitary secretes

A

hypothalamus

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9
Q

What is another name of the posterior pituitary

A

neurohypophysis

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10
Q

What does the pars intermedia secrete

A

Melanocyte stimulating hormone

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11
Q

What are tropic hormones

A

Hormones which govern the release of another hormone

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12
Q

What kind of hormones are released by the hypothalamus

A

neurohormones

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13
Q

What kind of hormones are released by the anterior pituitary gland

A

endocrine hormones

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14
Q

What kind of hormones are released by the posterior pituitary gland

A

neurohormones

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15
Q

What are neurotrophic hypothalamic neurohormones

A

Neurohormones produced in the hypothalamus which travel to the posterior pituitary through axons of the hypothalamus neurons where they are then released by the posterior pituitary into the blood

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16
Q

What are hypothalamic trophic neurohormones function

A

They are secreted into the capillaries travelling to the anterior pituitary which govern the release of a anterior pituitary hormone

17
Q

What kind of neurons are in posterior pituitary

A

magnocellular neurons

18
Q

What peptide neurohormones do magnocellular neurons in the posterior pituitary release

A

Vasopressin (ADH)
Oxytocin

19
Q

What is the function of oxytocin

A

Aids expression of milk in lactating breasts

20
Q

What are the hypothalamic releasing hormones

A

thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH)
corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH)
Growth hormone releasing hormone (GHRH)
Gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH)
Prolactin releasing hormone (PRH)

21
Q

What are the hypothalamic inhibiting hormones

A

Growth hormone inhibiting hormone (GHIH) - somatostatin
Prolactin inhibiting hormone (PIH) - dopamine

21
Q

What is the hypothalamo-hypophyseal portal system

A

Network of tiny vessels which transfer tropic hormones from hypothalamus into the anterior pituitary

21
Q

What hormones are released from the anterior pituitary

A

Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)
Luteinising hormone (LH)
Growth hormone (GH)
Prolactin

22
Q

What is the function of prolactin

A

Stimulates milk production from breasts during lactation

22
Q

What does prolactin target

A

mammary glands

22
Q

What does growth hormone target

A

musculoskeletal skeleton

23
Q

What does thyroid stimulating hormone target

A

Thyroid gland

24
Q

What does adrenocorticotropic hormone target

A

Adrenal cortex of the adrenal gland

25
Q

What do the gonadotropins (Luteinising hormone and follicle stimulating hormone) target

A

Gonads (ovary and testis)

26
Q

What is feedback from an endocrine target called

A

long loop feedback

27
Q

What is feedback from the anterior pituitary to the hypothalamus called

A

Short-loop feedback

28
Q

What is a primary disorder

A

Defect is in the cells which secrete the hormone

29
Q

What is a secondary disorder

A

Too much or too little tropic hormones from the pituitary

30
Q

What is a tertiary disorder

A

related to hypothalamic defects

31
Q

What is a permissive effect

A

The presence of one hormone enhances the effect of another e.g thyroid hormone enhancing effect of epinephrine in lipolysis - Thyroid hormone increases synthesis of epinephrine receptors

32
Q

Antagonistic effect

A

One hormone reduces effect of another - Growth hormone impairs glucose uptake into cells in response to insulin by reducing insulin receptors on muscle and adipose tissue

33
Q
A

endocrine (30 decks)

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