theories of human development Flashcards
theories
way of organizing set of observations or facts into a comprehensive explanation of how something works
- psychoanalytic theory
- development and behaviour are the result of interplay of inner drives,memories, and conflicts
who are the two major psychoanalytic theories ?
- Freuds Phychosexual theory
- Eriksons Psychosocial theory
what was freud’s psychosexual theory?-
Behaviour is driven by uncouncious impulses outside our awarness
anger and sexual desire
what was Eriksons psychosocial theory
included the role of the social world in shaping our sense of self-
2.Behaviorist and social Learning theory
- development and behavior are **influnced by the physical and social enviroment **
what are the two major behaviorist and social learning theory ?
- Behaviorism
- classical conditioning
- operant conditioning
- social learning theory
what is behaviorism ?
examines only observable behaviour
what is social learning thoery?
people actively process observable information and their thoughts and feelings then influence their future behaviour
Behaviorist Learning Theories
**Pavlov’s Classical conditioning **- Person or animalcomes to associate environmental stimuli with
physiological responses
**Skinner’s Operant conditioning -
** Behavior becomes more or less probable depending on its
consequences
Social Learning Theory (Albert Bandura)
Observational learning:
People learn through observing and imitating models
Reciprocal determinism:
Individuals and
environment interact and
influence each other
- Cognitive Theory
Development and behavior are the result of
thought or Cognition
Piaget’s Cognitive-Developmental Theory
Children and adults use their ability to think to better understand their environment
Organization of learning results in Cognitive schemas or concepts, ideas, and ways of interacting with the world
Piaget’s stages of cognitive development:sensitorimotor,preoperational,concrest
and formal operational
- Systems Theory
- Systems Theory
– Emphasizes the role of social context in development
– People are inseparable from the familial, neighborhood, and societal contexts in which they live
– Bronfenbrenner’s Bioecological Systems Theory:
Addresses both the role of the individual and that
individual’s social interactions
– Development is the result of interactions among biological,
cognitive, and psychological changes within a person and
their changing context.
– Individuals are embedded in, or surrounded by, series of
sociocultural contexts
ex:microsystem,mesosystem,exosystem,macrosystem
- Ethology and Evolutionary
Developmental Theory
– Applies principles of evolution and
scientific knowledge about interactive
influence of genetic and environmental
mechanisms to understand development.
– Genetic programs and biological
predispositions interact with physical andsocial environment to influence
development.
