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Exercise Physiology 2 LAB > Final Exam > Flashcards

Final Exam Flashcards

1
Q

Iron Man world record Jan Frodeno
1-18 is VO2MAX LAB

A

Has a high VO two max and so do cross country runners

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2
Q

VO2MAX LAB

02 is utilized in….

IN HIGHER ELEVATION….

In heart problems….

A

02 is utilized in mitochondria

In higher elevation, it is harder to uptake

Heart problems, cause transportation hindered 

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3
Q

VO2 MAX LAB
VO2

A

Volume of O2, that can be uptake in transported and utilized by the body in tissues and cells 

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4
Q

O2 max

A

The point at which there is no further increase in oxygen, uptake, in spite of an increase in Work rate, is known as the maximum oxygen uptake

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5
Q

V02 rises

A

Almost literally with increase in Work right and is closely related to aerobic energy expenditure

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6
Q

Factors that affect VO2

A

Hereditary
Sex
Age 15 through 18
Training status
Mode of exercise

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7
Q

VO2MAX LAB

Central circulation 

A

Hemoglobin and red blood cell concentration
Transport protein
Arterial blood pressure

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8
Q

Peripheral circulation

A

Muscle blood flow vasoconstriction, verse bags of dilation
Oxygen extraction 

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9
Q

Metabolic factors

A

Muscle metabolism has a huge effect on 02 utilization

Myoglobin concentration
Muscle mass
Energy stores
Mitochondrial efficiency

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10
Q

How do we measure 02

A

VO2MAX test
It is considered a gold standard of cardiovascular fitness and aerobic fitness

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11
Q

Metabolic cart what is measured

A

HR to RER RPE

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12
Q

Three types of Max tests

A

Submaximal - testing is performed at a low enough to intensity that the subject does not reach failure during the assessment

Peak test - the highest VO two obtained during the test, but failed to meet the desired requirements for a true Max test

  • highest VO two obtained and obtainable by the subject during the assessment that meets the true Max test selection criteria
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13
Q

Criteria for true Max test

A

Two of the following must be met

Plateau in O2, despite an increase in work, right

Heart rate is within 10 BPM of age predicted heart rate Max

RER > 1.10

RPE > 8.5 or > 17

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14
Q

RER respiratory exchange ratio 

A

RER = VCO2/VO2

Ratio between amount of CO2 produced in O2, consumed in one breath

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15
Q

METS metabolic equivalent

A

1 MET = 3.5 ml/mm/kg

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16
Q

RPE is

A

Rate of perceived exertion

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17
Q

V02max test procedure and Bruce protocol 

A

Assessment should last 8 to 15 minutes

Bruce protocol :
Warm up 3 to 5 minutes. Test is three minutes stages. Speed in grade will increase with each stage.

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18
Q

19- 28 is LAB 7
The heart receives blood from

A

Coronary circulation during diastole

Blood supply decreases during systole

Any reduction in blood flow will result in myocardial ischemia

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19
Q

Myocardium Depolarization

A

Rest, myocardial cells are naturally polarized

Electrical stimulation causes inside of cell to become more positive compared to the outside of the cell, which is depolarization

20
Q

Electrocardiograph

A

Represent electrical activity overtime and heart rate and rhythm

21
Q

Exercise stress test

A

To assess how patient’s heart response to stress

22
Q

How does ECG work?

A

System of leads are established

Lead is in an imaginary line, running between electrodes and measuring their voltage difference


23
Q

Einthovens Triangle

A

Goes left to right

Has a positive and negative poll

Allows ECG to measure electrical activity of the heart in 360°

24
Q

LOOK AT SLIDES

Normal ECG

ventricular rate equals

PR interval equals

QRS complex equals

ST segment equals

Wave progression in V1 to V6

A

60 to 100 bpm

PR = 0.12 to 0.20 seconds

QRS = 0.8 - 0.12

ST = no elevation, or depression

Wave progression = are waves get progressively, larger, and S waves get progressively smaller

25
Q

Other ways to approximate heart rate two rules

A
  1. 6 second rule: in a six second ECG strip count the number of RR intervals and multiply by 10 to getb/min

300 rule : count number large boxes between RR divided by 300

26
Q

Indications of Ischemia

A

ST. Elevation signifies there is a blockage disrupting ventricle repolarization.

ST depression signifies there is a disruption in repolarization

27
Q

No electrode placement. Look at picture on diagram and look at normal ECG slide.

A
28
Q

Blood can carry oxegen in two ways

A

Dissolved in plasma

Combined with hemoglobin
Can carry 65-70 more O2 than plasma

29
Q

Hemoglobin Hb

A

Synthesized in bone marrow
Main Functions:
Carry O2 from lungs to tissues
Remove CO2 from tissues to lungs
Maintain blood pH

30
Q

Anemia

A

Deficiency in Hb in the blood, which can be caused by too few RBC or too little Hb in cells

Hb < 12 g/dL females
Hb < 13 g/dL Males

31
Q

Blood Composition

A

Cellular Component:
RBC (Erythrocytes)
WBC (Luekocytes)
Platelets (Thrombocytes) Clots

Plasma: 98% water and ions and plasma proteins

32
Q

Hemocrit Ht meaning

A

Packed Cell Volume

Measure of the total volume of RBC relative to the total volume of whole blood in a sample

Men: 40-54%
Women: 37-47%

33
Q

Effects of aerobic training on Ht Hemocrit

A

Endurance Athletes have a decreased hematocrit which is called “sports anemia”

Decreased hematocrit because is due to plasma volume

34
Q

Hydration

Euhydration:
Hyperhydration:

A

Hydration will effect blood

Euhydration: Properly Hydrated
Hyperhydration: Overly Hydrated

35
Q

Severe Dehydration

A

Dehydration reduces ICF and ECF: Results in hypovolemia (low plasma volume)

Dehydration reduces bodies ability to dissipate heat: increase heat storage

36
Q

How to test hydration:

Hydration Index Threshold:

A

Osmometer (Urine)
Urine Specific Gravity
Plasma Osmolarity

Urine Specific Gravity: < 1.020
Urine Color: < 4

37
Q

LACTATE LAB
Lactic Acid

A

3C molecule
formed from pyruvic acid

38
Q

Lactate:

A

anion that remains
after lactic acid dissociates a
proton

39
Q

Resting [BL]

A

0.8-2.0 mM
(constantly produced, even at
rest

40
Q

Physiological rationale for lactate response to exercise:

A

Overwhelms ability of mitochondria

Increased fast-twitch fiber

Hormones

41
Q

Lactate Threshold (LT

A

when lactate production exceeds
lactate clearance of > 1 mM, where exercise intensity is above
where ATP can be met aerobically
* useful in assessing a person’s ability to produce energy aerobically
without significant lactate accumulation

42
Q

Onset of Blood
Lactate
Accumulation
(OBLA): LOOK AT GRAPH

A

point at which lactate
reaches 4 mmol
during exercise

43
Q

LT’s deflection
point! LOOK AT GRAPH

A

indicates when one
switches from
aerobic to mostly
anaerobic
metabolism

44
Q

Ventilatory
Threshold (VE):

A

indicates an abrupt
increase in blood lactate
from CO2 accumulation
in blood that is
increasing ventilation.

45
Q

Resting Blood Glucose

A

Units: mg/dl or mmol/L
Fasting Blood Glucose levels:
* Normal 60-100 mg/dl
* Pre-Diabetic 100-125 mg/dl
* Diabetic >125 mg/dl

46
Q

Glucose Response to Exercise

A
  1. Glucose causes
    insulin release
    whose downstream
    signaling through
    insulin receptor
    recruits GLUT4 to
    bring glucose into
    cell
  2. Muscular
    contraction
    stimulates GLUT4
    without insulin
    signaling

Exercise Physiology 2 LAB (3 decks)

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